تاثیر تمرین هوازی بر شاخص مقاومت به انسولین و ترکیب بدن پسران چاق در دوران بلوغ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان ،ایران

2 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، ایران

3 استادیار تغذیه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان،ایران

4 استادیار آمار زیستی ،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: دوران بلوغ به دلیل رشد پرشتاب جسمانی، بیشتر تحت تاثیر چاقی و روش­های کنترل آن قرار می­گیرد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر تمرین هوازی بر شاخص مقاومت به انسولین و ترکیب بدن پسران چاق در دوران بلوغ بود.
مواد و روش­ها: تحقیق حاضر با طرح پیش­آزمون و پس­آزمون به­صورت مقطعی اجرا شد. آزمودنی­ها شامل 36 پسر چاق 12 تا 17 سال بودند که بر اساس مقیاس تانر در مراحل 2 (TS2) تا 5  (TS5) بلوغ قرار داشتند. آنها بر اساس بلوغ در دو گروه TS2,3  و TS4,5  همسان­سازی شدند و هر کدام نیز در دو گروه تمرین هوازی و کنترل قرارگرفتند. پس از اندازه­گیری­های آنتروپومتریکی، سطوح سرمی گلوکز و انسولین درحالت ناشتا اندازه­گیری شد. شاخص مقاومت به انسولین به روش HOMA-IR محاسبه شد. گروه تمرین هوازی به مدت 12 هفته، هفته­ای 3 بار به طور میانگین 30 دقیقه با شدت 60 تا 85 درصد ضربان قلب بیشینه دویدند. از پدومتر برای اندازه­گیری سطح فعالیت بدنی استفاده شد. از آزمون­های آماری t وابسته و مستقل ، آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و دو طرفه برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها استفاده شد.
یافته­ها: پس از 12 هفته کاهش درصد چربی بدن و گلوکز سرم و همچنین افزایش توده خالص بدن در گروه تمرین هوازی در هر دو مرحله بلوغ معنی­دار بود (05/0 p). کاهش شاخص توده بدنی و کاهش توده چربی بدن فقط در گروه تمرین هوازی در سطح TS 4,5  بلوغ معنی­دار بود (05/0 p). کاهش انسولین  فقط در سطح TS2,3  معنی­دار بود (05/0 p). در همه گروه­ها بجز گروه کنترل در سطح TS4,5 کاهش   HOMA-IR معنی­دار بود؛ اما بین تغییرات آن در دو گروه تمرین هوازی و کنترل، تفاوت معنی­داری دیده نشد.
نتیجه­گیری: تمرین هوازی تغییرات مطلوبی در HOMA-IR و ترکیب بدنی پسران چاق ایجاد کرد؛ اما بخشی از این تغییرات حاصل فرایند طبیعی رشد در دوران بلوغ بود، چون مشابه آن در گروه کنترل نیز دیده شد. برخلاف نتایج سایر تحقیقات، کاهش HOMA-IR پیامد کاهش وزن، شاخص توده بدن و یا توده چربی نبود. در مقابل می­توان چنین پیشنهاد کرد که کاهش HOMA-IR در دوران بلوغ، حاصل کاهش درصد چربی بدن است. همچنین در پیش­آزمون HOMA-IR کمتر در مراحل پایانی بلوغ (TS4,5) با کاهش بیشتری در شاخص توده بدن و توده چربی بدن همراه بود. با این وجود در تفسیر این نتایج باید محتاط بود، چون این تغییرات به دلیل تعداد کم آزمودنی­ها در هر زیر گروه، معنی­دار نشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of aerobic exercise on insulin resistance index and body composition during puberty in obese boys

نویسندگان [English]

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چکیده [English]

Background&Purpose: Puberty, due to the rapid physical growth, can be more influenced by obesity and Its control methods.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on insulin resistance index and body composition during puberty in obese boys.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional study design with pre-test, post-test. The subjects included 36 obese boys aged 12 to 17 years, according to the Tanner stage of puberty were TS2 to TS5. The subjects in both groups TS2,3 (n=19 , age= 13.4±0.94 , Weight=76.61±16.7 , BMI=29.41±5.22 ) and TS4,5 (n=17 , age= 14.9±1.48 , Weight=93.57±16.48 , BMI=30.92±3.88) divided into the aerobic exercise and the control gruops. After anthropometric measurements, fasting serum’s glucose and insulin levels were measured. insulin resistance index calculated by homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The aerobic exercise group completed 12 weeks of ruining, three times a week on average 30 minutes with an intensity of 60 to 85 percent of maximum heart rate. Pedometer was used to measure the level of physical activity. The statistical t-test, one-way and two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.
 
Results: After 12 weeks, body fat percent and Serum glucose decreased and Lean body mass increased significantly in aerobic exercise group at tow stages of puberty (p≤0.05). In aerobic exercise group decrease in BMI, body fat only in TS4,5 was significant (p≤0.05). Insulin reduction was significant only in the TS2,3 (p≤0.05).HOMA-IR was significantly decreased in all groups except the control group in the TS4,5. But the changes in aerobic exercise and control groups, no significant differences were observed.
 
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise created desirable changes in the HOMA-IR and body composition in obese boys. but a part of these changes are the result of the natural process of growth during puberty, Because similar changes were also observed in the control group. Unlike other research the reduction in HOMA-IR was not result of Reduction in weight, BMI or fat mass , But the changes in body fat percent can be a better indicator for HOMA-IR in puberty.In Pretest, less HOMA-IR in the final stages of puberty (TS4,5) was associated with a greater reduction in BMI and body fat mass. However, Should be cautious in interpreting these results Because these changes was not significant due to the low number of subjects in sub groups.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • HOMA-IR
  • body composition
  • Aerobic training
  • Pubertal stages
  • Obese boys
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