تأثیر تمرین هوازی بر ایمونوگلوبین A، لنفوسیت‌های خون و نوتروفیل‌ها، مرور نظام‌مند و فرا تحلیل

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

2 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: نتایج برخی از مطالعات حاکی از آن است که فعالیت بدنی باعث تغییراتی در شاخص‌های سیستم ایمنی می‌گردد و بر عفونت‌های ویروسی دستگاه تنفسی تأثیرگذار است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر تمرین هوازی بر لنفوسیت‌های خون، ایمونوگلوبین A بزاق و نوتروفیل‌ها به صورت یک مرور نظام‌مند و فرا تحلیل بود. مواد و روشها: برای انجام پژوهش حاضر، پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی، MEDLINE/ PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane, Scopus، از سال‌های ۱۹۰۰ تا 2020 میلادی، همراه با کلمات کلیدی جستجو شد. بعد از غربالگری اولیه مقالات و خروج مقالات تکراری و نامرتبط، در ارزیابی ثانویه متن کامل مقالات ارزیابی گردید و مقالاتی که معیار ورود به پژوهش داشتند آنالیز شدند. ۲۶۲ مقاله یافت شد که از میان مقالات مورد بررسی قرار گرفته شده، ۱۱ مقاله معیار ورود به مرور سیستماتیک و فراتحلیل را کسب کردند. بر این اساس ۸۱۲ نفر به دو گروه کنترل و گروه تجربی به ترتیب تعداد ۴۰۱ و ۴۱۱ نفر تقسیم می‌شدند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد بین دو گروه فعالیت هوازی و گروه کنترل در میزان ایمونوگلوبین A بزاق (38/0, Z=55/0 37/0-,CI= 06/0, V= 23/0 , SE=۷۱‍/۰P=)، لنفوسیت‌های خون (98/0, Z=32/0 11/0-,CI= 01/0, V= 11/0 , SE=۳۳‍/۰P=)، نوتروفیل‌ها (61/1-, Z=05/0 55/0-,CI= 02/0, V= 15/0 , SE=۱۱‍/۰P=) و تعداد روزهای ابتلا به عفونت‌های ویروس (96/0-, Z=21/0 61/0-,CI= 04/0, V= 21/0 , SE=۳۳‍/۰P=) اختلافی بین گروه های فعالیت بدنی و گروه کنترل وجود نداشت. نتیجه گیری: نتایج متاآنالیز حاضر نشان داد بین گروه کنترل و گروه تمرین هوازی بر لنفوسیت‌های خون، ایمونوگلوبین A بزاق و نوتروفیل‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود ندارند. با توجه به اینکه تعداد مطالعات و شرکت‌کنندگان بسیار اندک بود و کیفیت مطالعات نسبتاً ضعیف بود. به نظر می‌رسد برای مشخص شدن ارتباط بین لنفوسیت‌های خون، ایمونوگلوبین A بزاق و نوتروفیل‌ها با فعالیت هوازی، مطالعات با کیفیت بیشتر و با اندازه نمونه بزرگتر نیاز است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Aerobic Training on Immunoglobulin A, Blood Lymphocytes, and Neutrophils: A systematic Review and Meta-analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Ghafari 1
  • Mohamad Faramarzi 2
  • Sajedeh Sadeghian 3
1 Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Department of exercise physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
3 Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: The results of several studies suggest that suggest that physical activity causes changes in immune system indicators and affects viral infections of the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on blood lymphocytes, salivary immunoglobulin A and neutrophils as a systematic and meta-analysis.
Methodology: The databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane and Scopus were searched with keywords from 1900 to 2020 AD. After the initial screening, the full text of the articles was evaluated and the articles that were included in the research criteria were analyzed. 260 articles were found, and among the articles reviewed, 11 articles were the criteria for systematic and meta-analysis. Accordingly, 812 people were divided into two control groups and 401 and 411 experimental groups, respectively.
Results: The results showed that between the two groups of aerobic activity and control group in salivary immunoglobulin A levels (P = 0.71, SE = 0.23, V = 0.06, CI = -0.37 0.55 Z = 0.38), blood lymphocytes (P = 0.33, SE = 0.11, V = 0.01, CI = -0.11 0.32 Z = 0.98), neutrophils (P = 0.11, SE = 0.15, V = 0.02, CI = -0.55 0.05 Z = -1.61) and the number of days infected with the virus (P = 0.33, SE = 0.21, V = 0.04, CI = -0.61 0.21 Z = -0.96) There was no difference between physical activity group and control group.
Conclusion: The results of the present meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the aerobic training group on blood lymphocytes, salivary immunoglobulin A and neutrophils. Given that, the number of studies and participants was very small and the quality of studies was relatively poor. It appears to be necessary to determine the association between blood lymphocytes, salivary immunoglobulin A, and neutrophils with aerobic activity, higher quality studies, and larger sample size.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blood Lymphocytes
  • Salivary Immunoglobulin A
  • Neutrophils
  • Aerobic training
##Kiecolt-Glaser JK, McGuire L, Robles TF, Glaser R. Psychoneuroimmunology and psychosomatic medicine: back to the future. Psychosomatic medicine. 2002;64(1):15-28.##Pedersen BK, Hoffman-Goetz L. Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation. Physiological reviews. 2000;80(3):1055-81.##De Oliveira EP, Burini RCJCOiCN, Care M. The impact of physical exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. 2009;12(5):533-8.##Shefer A, Atkinson W, Friedman C. Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR. 2011;60:1-45.##Martin SA, Pence BD, Woods JA. Exercise and respiratory tract viral infections. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2009;37(4):157.##Vu T, Farish S, Jenkins M, Kelly H. A meta-analysis of effectiveness of influenza vaccine in persons aged 65 years and over living in the community. Vaccine. 2002;20(13-14):1831-6.##Heath GW, Ford ES, Craven TE, Macera CA, Jackson KL, Pate RR. Exercise and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1991;23(2):152-7.##Nieman D, Nehlsen-Cannarella S, Markoff P, Balk-Lamberton A, Yang H, Chritton D, et al. The effects of moderate exercise training on natural killer cells and acute upper respiratory tract infections. International journal of sports medicine. 1990;11(06):467-73.##Ekblom B, Ekblom Ö, Malm C. Infectious episodes before and after a marathon race. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2006;16(4):287-93.##              Wong C-M, Lai H-K, Ou C-Q, Ho S-Y, Chan K-P, Thach T-Q, et al. Is exercise protective against influenza-associated mortality? PLoS One. 2008;3(5).##Matthews CE, Ockene IS, Freedson PS, Rosal MC, Merriam PA, Hebert JR. Moderate to vigorous physical activity and risk of upper-respiratory tract infection. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2002;34(8):1242-8.##KOSTKA T, BERTHOUZE SE, LACOUR J-R, BONNEFOY M. The symptomatology of upper respiratory tract infections and exercise in elderly people. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2000;32(1):46.##Lowder T, Padgett DA, Woods JA. Moderate exercise protects mice from death due to influenza virus. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2005;19(5):377-80.##Klentrou P, Cieslak T, MacNeil M, Vintinner A, Plyley M. Effect of moderate exercise on salivary immunoglobulin A and infection risk in humans. European journal of applied physiology. 2002;87(2):153-8.##Shimizu K, Kimura F, Akimoto T, Akama T, Otsuki T, Nishijima T, et al. Effects of exercise, age and gender on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A in elderly individuals. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2007;13(55-66).##Fiore AE, Shay DK, Broder K, Iskander JK, Uyeki TM, Mootrey G, et al. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2008. MMWR Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report Recommendations and reports. 2008;57(RR-7):1-60.##Putlur P, Foster C, Miskowski JA, Kane MK, Burton SE, Scheett TP, et al. Alteration of immune function in women collegiate soccer players and college students. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2004;3(4):234.##Gleeson M. Immune function in sport and exercise. Journal of applied physiology. 2007;103(2):693-9.##Moreira A, Delgado L, Moreira P, Haahtela T. Does exercise increase the risk of upper respiratory tract infections? British medical bulletin. 2009;90(1):111-31.##Pedersen B, Bruunsgaard H, Klokker M, Kappel M, MacLean D, Nielsen H, et al. Exercise-induced immunomodulation-possible roles of neuroendocrine and metabolic factors. International journal of sports medicine. 1997;18(S 1):S2-S7.##Cremaschi GA, Gorelik G, Klecha AJ, Lysionek AE, Genaro AM. Chronic stress influences the immune system through the thyroid axis. Life Sciences. 2000;67(26):3171-9.##Pedersen BK, Woods JA, Nieman DC. Exercise-induced immune changes–an influence on metabolism? Trends in immunology. 2001;22(9):473-5.##Barrett B, Hayney MS, Muller D, Rakel D, Ward A, Obasi CN, et al. Meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection: a randomized controlled trial. The Annals of Family Medicine. 2012;10(4):337-46.##Barrett B, Hayney MS, Muller D, Rakel D, Brown R, Zgierska AE, et al. Meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection (MEPARI-2): A randomized controlled trial. PloS one. 2018;13(6).##Sloan C, Engels H, Fahlman M, Yarandi H, Davis J. Effects of exercise on S-IGA and URS in postmenopausal women. International journal of sports medicine. 2013;34(01):81-6.##Çiloğlu F. The effect of exercise on salivary IgA levels and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in postmenopausal women. Kulak burun bogaz ihtisas dergisi: KBB= Journal of ear, nose, and throat. 2005;15(5-6):112-6.##NIEMAN DC, NEHLSEN-CANNARELLA SL, HENSON DA, KOCH AJ, BUTTERWORTH DE, FAGOAGA OR, et al. Immune response to exercise training and/or energy restriction in obese women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1998;30(5):679-86.##Nieman DC, Henson D, Gusewitch G, Warren BJ, Dotson RC, Butterworth DE, et al. Physical activity and immune function in elderly women. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1993;25(7):823-31.##Manzaneque JM, Vera FM, Maldonado EF, Carranque G, Cubero VM, Morell M, et al. Assessment of immunological parameters following a qigong training program. Medical Science Monitor. 2004;10(6):CR264-CR70.##Fornieles G, Rosety M, Elosegui S, Rosety J, Alvero-Cruz J, Garcia N, et al. Salivary testosterone and immunoglobulin A were increased by resistance training in adults with Down syndrome. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2014;47(4):345-8.##Nieman D, Johanssen L, Lee JW. Infectious episodes in runners before and after a roadrace. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 1989;29(3):289-96.##Lee HK, Hwang IH, Kim SY, Pyo SY. The effect of exercise on prevention of the common cold: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial studies. Korean journal of family medicine. 2014;35(3):119.##