تحریک همزمان سیگنالهای مرتبط با ظرفیت هوازی عضله و سنتز پروتئین متعاقب فعالیت راه رفتن با محدودیت جریان خون در مردان سالم تمرین نکرده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

2 استاد گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت،

3 استادگروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی ، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تمرین با محدودیت جریان خون (BFR) به سمت عضله فعال، به عنوان یک روش تمرینی جدید مورد توجه محققین قرار گرفته است. مطالعات پیشنهاد کرده اند که تمرین BFR در بهبود همزمان آمادگی قلبی عروقی و عضلانی موثر است. بر این اساس، برای درک بهتر مکانیسمهای درگیر در این سازگاریها، هدف این مطالعه بررسی تحریک همزمان سیگنالهای مرتبط با ظرفیت استقامتی عضله و سنتز پروتئین پس از فعالیت راه رفتن با محدودیت جریان خون بود.
مواد و روش­ها: پنج مرد سالم تمرین نکرده (سن: 02/1±4/33 سال؛ توده بدن: 69/4±64/79 کیلوگرم؛ قد: 02/9±4/173 سانتی متر؛ چربی بدن: 22/2±97/18 درصد) در دو وهله جداگانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند: (1) راه‌رفتن با BFR با شدت 40% از توان هوازی بیشینه و (2) فعالیت در شرایط کاملا مشابه بدون BFR. نمونه‌های بایوپسی (عضله پهن جانبی) قبل و 3 ساعت پس از فعالیت و نمونه‌های خونی نیز قبل، بلافاصله بعد و 2 ساعت بعد از فعالیت از سیاهرگ آنته کوبیتال گرفته شد.
یافته­ها: محتوای پروتئین‌های (012/0 P=) PGC-1α و فسفوریلاسیون (017/0 P=) Akt سه ساعت پس از فعالیت با BFR به طور معنی‌داری از گروه فعالیت بدون BFR بالاتر بود. لاکتات خون و کورتیزول متعاقب فعالیت با و بدون BFR افزایش معنی‌دار نشان ندادند. IGF-1، بلافاصله بعد فعالیت با BFR در مقایسه با مقادیر اولیه افزایش معنادار داشت (001/0 P=). هورمون رشد نیز بلافاصله بعد از فعالیت با BFR در مقایسه با مقادیر قبل از فعالیت و در مقایسه با فعالیت بدون BFR افزایش معنادار نشان داد (046/0 P=).
نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که سیگنالهای مرتبط با عملکرد هوازی و هایپرتروفی عضله به طور همزمان متعاقب راه رفتن با BFR فعال شده و احتمالا توجیهی برای بهبود عملکرد هوازی و هایپرتروفی مشاهده شده در چندین مطالعه تمرینی متعاقب تمرین هوازی با محدودیت جریان خون می باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Concomitant Stimulation of Aerobic Capacity and Protein Synthesis Related Signaling after Walking with Blood Flow Restriction in Untrained Healthy Male

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Barjaste 1
  • Bahman Mirzaei 2
  • Farhad Rahmani nia 3
1 Exercise Physiology Department, Faculty of Exercise Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Exercise Physiology Department, Faculty of Exercise Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Exercise Physiology Department, Faculty of Exercise Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background & Purpose: Training with blood flow restriction (BFR) to the active muscle has taken to consideration of researchers as a new training method. Studies have shown that BFR training is simultaneously effective in improving cardiovascular and muscle fitness components. Accordingly, to better understand the mechanisms involved in these adaptations, the purpose of this study was to investigate of concomitant stimulation of aerobic capacity and protein synthesis related signaling after walking with blood flow restriction.
Methodology: On two different occasions, five healthy untrained male subjects were asked to perform (i) a BFR walking exercise at an exercise intensity of 40 % of VO2max; and (ii) similar exercise bouts without BFR (Ctrl). For each condition, Baseline and 3-h post-exercise muscle biopsy (vastus lateralis) were sampled for protein expression analysis. Venous blood samples were also collected at baseline, immediately and 2-h post-exercise.
Results: PGC-1α protein expression (P= 0.012) and Akt phosphorylation (P= 0.017) were significantly higher at 3-h post-exercise with BFR in comparison to exercise without BFR (P< 0.05). Blood lactate and serum cortisol did not significantly change. IGF-1 concentration significantly increased (P=0.001) immediately following BFR exercise than baseline values and serum GH showed a significant increase (P=0.046) compared with Ctrl.
Conclusion: The results provided evidence that signaling related to aerobic capacity and hypertrophy concomitantly activated following walking exercise with BFR and likely are an explanation for improving aerobic performance and hypertrophy that observed after several previous BFR training studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mitochondrial Biogenesis
  • KAATSU
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Vascular Occlusion
##Hawley JA. Adaptations of skeletal muscle to prolonged, intense endurance training. Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology. 2002; 29(3):218-22.##Bassett Jr DR, Howley ET. Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2000 1; 32(1):70.##Nader GA. Concurrent strength and endurance training: from molecules to man. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2006 1; 38(11):1965-70.##Abe T, Fujita S, Nakajima T, Sakamaki M, Ozaki H, Ogasawara R, Sugaya M, Kudo M, Kurano M, Yasuda T, Sato Y. Effects of low-intensity cycle training with restricted leg blood flow on thigh muscle volume and VO2max in young men. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2010a; 9(3):452.##Abe T, Sakamaki M, Fujita S, Ozaki H, Sugaya M, Sato Y, Nakajima T. Effects of low-intensity walk training with restricted leg blood flow on muscle strength and aerobic capacity in older adults. Journal of geriatric physical therapy. 2010 1; 33(1):34-40.##Park S, Kim JK, Choi HM, Kim HG, Beekley MD, Nho H. Increase in maximal oxygen uptake following 2-week walk training with blood flow occlusion in athletes. European journal of applied physiology. 2010 1; 109(4):591-600.##Olesen J, Kiilerich K, Pilegaard H. PGC-1α-mediated adaptations in skeletal muscle. Pflügers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology. 2010 1; 460(1):153-62.##Hawley JA, Hargreaves M, Joyner MJ, Zierath JR. Integrative biology of exercise. Cell. 2014; 159(4):738-49.##Handschin C, Spiegelman BM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 coactivators, energy homeostasis, and metabolism. Endocrine reviews. 2006; 27(7):728-35.##Pierce JR, Clark BC, Ploutz-Snyder LL, Kanaley JA. Growth hormone and muscle function responses to skeletal muscle ischemia. Journal of applied physiology. 2006; 101(6):1588-95.##Takano H, Morita T, Iida H, Asada KI, Kato M, Uno K, Hirose K, Matsumoto A, Takenaka K, Hirata Y, Eto F. Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to a short-term low-intensity resistance exercise with the reduction of muscle blood flow. European journal of applied physiology. 2005; 95(1):65-73.##Loenneke JP, Thrower AD, Balapur A, Barnes JT, Pujol TJ. Blood flow–restricted walking does not result in an accumulation of metabolites. Clinical physiology and functional imaging. 2012; 32(1):80-2.##Umbel JD, Hoffman RL, Dearth DJ, Chleboun GS, Manini TM, Clark BC. Delayed-onset muscle soreness induced by low-load blood flow-restricted exercise. European journal of applied physiology. 2009; 107(6):687.##Egan B, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation. Cell metabolism. 2013; 17(2):162-84.##Handschin C, Choi CS, Chin S, Kim S, Kawamori D, Kurpad AJ, Neubauer N, Hu J, Mootha VK, Kim YB, Kulkarni RN. Abnormal glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle–specific PGC-1α knockout mice reveals skeletal muscle–pancreatic β cell crosstalk. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2007; 117(11):3463-74.##Slysz J, Stultz J, Burr JF. The efficacy of blood flow restricted exercise: A systematic review & meta-analysis. Journal of science and medicine in sport. 2016; 19(8):669-75.##Abe T, Kearns CF, Sato Y. Muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted venous blood flow from the leg muscle, Kaatsu-walk training. Journal of applied physiology. 2006; 100(5):1460-6.##Rommel C, Bodine SC, Clarke BA, Rossman R, Nunez L, Stitt TN, Yancopoulos GD, Glass DJ. Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by PI (3) K/Akt/mTOR and PI (3) K/Akt/GSK3 pathways. Nature cell biology. 2001; 3(11):1009-13.##Wernbom M, Apro W, Paulsen G, Nilsen TS, Blomstrand E, Raastad T. Acute low-load resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction increased protein signalling and number of satellite cells in human skeletal muscle. European journal of applied physiology. 2013; 113(12):2953-65.##Ozaki H, Kakigi R, Kobayashi H, Loenneke JP, Abe T, Naito H. Effects of walking combined with restricted leg blood flow on m TOR and MAPK signalling in young men. Acta Physiologica. 2014; 211(1):97-106.##Atherton PJ, Babraj JA, Smith K, Singh J, Rennie MJ, Wackerhage H. Selective activation of AMPK‐PGC‐1α or PKB‐TSC2‐mTOR signaling can explain specific adaptive responses to endurance or resistance training‐like electrical muscle stimulation. The FASEB journal. 2005; 19(7):1-23.##Reilly JJ, Wilson J, Durnin JV. Determination of body composition from skinfold thickness: a validation study. Archives of disease in childhood. 1995; 73(4):305-10.##Nes BM, Janszky I, Wisløff U, Støylen A, Karlsen T. Age‐predicted maximal heart rate in healthy subjects: The HUNT F itness S tudy. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2013; 23(6):697-704.##Uth N, Sørensen H, Overgaard K, Pedersen PK. Estimation of V̇O 2max from the ratio between HR max and HR rest–the Heart Rate Ratio Method. European journal of applied physiology. 2004; 91(1):111-5.##Fujita S, Abe T, Drummond MJ, Cadenas JG, Dreyer HC, Sato Y, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB. Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis. Journal of applied physiology. 2007; 103(3):903-10.##Arany Z, Foo SY, Ma Y, Ruas JL, Bommi-Reddy A, Girnun G, Cooper M, Laznik D, Chinsomboon J, Rangwala SM, Baek KH. HIF-independent regulation of VEGF and angiogenesis by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α. Nature. 2008; 451(7181):1008-12.##Jäger S, Handschin C, Pierre JS, Spiegelman BM. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) action in skeletal muscle via direct phosphorylation of PGC-1α. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2007; 104(29):12017-22.##Bahreinipour MA, Joukar S, Hovanloo F, Najafipour H, Naderi V, Rajiamirhasani A, Esmaeili-Mahani S. Mild aerobic training with blood flow restriction increases the hypertrophy index and MuSK in both slow and fast muscles of old rats: Role of PGC-1α. Life sciences. 2018 Jun 1; 202:103-9.##Pope ZK, Willardson JM, Schoenfeld BJ. Exercise and blood flow restriction. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2013; 27(10):2914-26.##Conceicao MS, Chacon-Mikahil MP, Telles GD, Libardi CA, Junior EM, Vechin FC, DE ANDRADE AL, Gaspari AF, Brum PC, Cavaglieri CR, Serag S. Attenuated PGC-1α isoforms following endurance exercise with blood flow restriction. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2016; 48(9):1699-707.##Hakkinen K, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kauhanen H, Komi PV. Neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations in athletes to strength training in two years. Journal of applied physiology. 1988; 65(6):2406-12.##Li X, Monks B, Ge Q, Birnbaum MJ. Akt/PKB regulates hepatic metabolism by directly inhibiting PGC-1α transcription coactivator. Nature. 2007; 447(7147):1012-6.##