تأثیر تمرین مقاومتی دایره‌ای بر سطوح پلاسمایی اسیدهای آمینه‌ی شاخه‌دار و مقاومت به انسولین در پسران نوجوان چاق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: سطوح اسیدهای آمینه شاخه‌دار در افراد چاق افزایش می­یابد و با مقاومت به انسولین و دیابت نوع 2 مرتبط است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تأثیر تمرین مقاومتی دایره‌ای بر سطوح پلاسمایی اسیدهای آمینه‌ی شاخه‌دار و مقاومت به انسولین در پسران نوجوان چاق بود.
مواد و روش­ها: 33 پسر نوجوان چاق (30≤BMI) با دامنه سنی 17-14 سال به‌صورت تصادفی به دو گروه تمرین مقاومتی دایره‌ای (16 نفر) و کنترل (17 نفر) تقسیم شدند. برنامه تمرین مقاومتی دایره‌ای به مدت 8 هفته، سه جلسه در هفته اجرا گردید. برنامه تمرینی شامل 11 ایستگاه بود. تمرین در 4 هفته اول طی 2 ست با 70%-75 یک تکرار بیشینه، 10-12 تکرار و در 4 هفته دوم طی 4 ست با %75-80 یک تکرار بیشینه، 6-8 تکرار اجرا شد. فاصله استراحتی بین ایستگاه­ها و ست‌ها به ترتیب 30 و 180 ثانیه بود. برای اندازه‌گیری سطوح پلاسمایی اسیدهای آمینه شاخه‌دار از روش HPLC استفاده شد.
یافته­ها: در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، تمرین مقاومتی موجب کاهش وزن (001/0P<)، BMI (001/0P<)، گلوکز (035/0P=)، والین (007/0P=) و مجموع اسیدهای آمینه شاخه‌دار (007/0P=) گردید و کاهش شاخص مقاومت به انسولین به سطح معنادار نرسید (083/0P=).
نتیجه­گیری: تمرینات مقاومتی دایره‌ای در نوجوانان چاق منجر به بهبود سطوح اسیدهای آمینه شاخه‌دار پلاسما، گلوکز و مقاومت به انسولین می­شود. با توجه به اینکه کودکان و نوجوانان چاق بیشتر در معرض ابتلا به بیماری‌های مختلف نظیر دیابت هستند، احتمالاً تمرین مقاومتی دایره‌ای بتواند از ابتلا به اختلالات متابولیک مرتبط با چاقی پیشگیری کند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Circuit Resistance Training on the Plasma Levels of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Insulin Resistance in Obese Adolescents Boys

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Rasouli 1
  • Rozita Fathi 2
  • Maryam Koushkie -Jahromi 3
1 Exercise Physiology Department, Sport Science Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2 Exercise Physiology Department, Sport Science Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
3 Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, school of Education & Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz,, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background & Purpose: The levels of branched-chain amino acids, an increase in obese subjects and associated with the risk of insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circuit resistance training on the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids and insulin resistance in in obese adolescents boys.
Methodology: 33 obese adolescent boys (BMI≥30) with 14 to 17 years of age were randomly divided into two groups: Circuit resistance training group (n=16) and control group (n=17). The circuit resistance training was performed for eight-weeks, three sessions per week. The training program included 11 stations. The exercise was performed in the first 4 weeks with 2 sets with 70 -75% one repetition maximum, 10-12 repetitions, and in the second 4 weeks with 4 sets with 75-80% one repetition maximum, 6-8 replications. The rest between stations and sets was 30 and 180 seconds, respectively. HPLC method was used to measure the plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids.
Results: resistance training reduced weight (P <0.001), BMI (P <0.001), glucose (P = 0.035), valine (P = 0.007) and sum of branched-chain amino acids (P = 0.007) and insulin resistance index did not reach significant level (P = 0.083).
Conclusion: The circuit resistance training in obese adolescents improved levels of branched-chain amino acids, glucose, and insulin resistance. Given that obese children and adolescents are more at risk for various diseases, such as diabetes, circuit resistance training may prevent metabolic disorders associated with obesity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Metabolomics Profile
  • Metabolites
  • Obesity
  • Circuit Training
##Skinner AC, Skelton JAJJp. Prevalence and trends in obesity and severe obesity among children in the United States, 1999-2012. 2014;168(6):561-6.##Khazaei S, Nooraliey P, Gholamaliee B, Keshvari Delavar M, Khazaei S, Jamorpour S, et al. The Prevalence of Obesity among Iranian Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis Study. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2016;10(9):78-88.##Zhao X, Gang X, Liu Y, Sun C, Han Q, Wang GJJodr. Using metabolomic profiles as biomarkers for insulin resistance in childhood obesity: a systematic review. 2016;2016.##Jung UJ, Choi MS. Obesity and its metabolic complications: the role of adipokines and the relationship between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15(4):6184-223.##Gibney MJ, Walsh M, Brennan L, Roche HM, German B, Van Ommen BJTAjocn. Metabolomics in human nutrition: opportunities and challenges–. 2005;82(3):497-503.##Newgard CBJCm. Interplay between lipids and branched-chain amino acids in development of insulin resistance. 2012;15(5):606-14.##Tricò D, Prinsen H, Giannini C, De Graaf R, Juchem C, Li F, et al. Elevated α-Hydroxybutyrate and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels Predict Deterioration of Glycemic Control in Adolescents. 2017;102(7):2473-81.##Tai E, Tan M, Stevens R, Low Y, Muehlbauer M, Goh D, et al. Insulin resistance is associated with a metabolic profile of altered protein metabolism in Chinese and Asian-Indian men. 2010;53(4):757-67.##Lian K, Du C, Liu Y, Zhu D, Yan W, Zhang H, et al. Impaired adiponectin signaling contributes to disturbed catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in diabetic mice. Diabetes. 2015;64(1):49-59.##Lackey DE, Lynch CJ, Olson KC, Mostaedi R, Ali M, Smith WH, et al. Regulation of adipose branched-chain amino acid catabolism enzyme expression and cross-adipose amino acid flux in human obesity. 2013;304(11):E1175-E87.##Hsiao G, Chapman J, Ofrecio JM, Wilkes J, Resnik JL, Thapar D, et al. Multi-tissue, selective PPARγ modulation of insulin sensitivity and metabolic pathways in obese rats. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011;300(1):E164-E74.##Herman MA, She P, Peroni OD, Lynch CJ, Kahn BB. Adipose tissue branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism modulates circulating BCAA levels. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2010;285(15):11348-56.##Lerin C, Goldfine AB, Boes T, Liu M, Kasif S, Dreyfuss JM, et al. Defects in muscle branched-chain amino acid oxidation contribute to impaired lipid metabolism. 2016;5(10):926-36.##She P, Van Horn C, Reid T, Hutson SM, Cooney RN, Lynch CJJAJoP-E, et al. Obesity-related elevations in plasma leucine are associated with alterations in enzymes involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism. 2007;293(6):E1552-E63.##Ridaura VK, Faith JJ, Rey FE, Cheng J, Duncan AE, Kau AL, et al. Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice. 2013;341(6150):1241214.##Olson KC, Chen G, Xu Y, Hajnal A, Lynch CJJO. Alloisoleucine differentiates the branched‐chain aminoacidemia of Zucker and dietary obese rats. 2014;22(5):1212-5.##Newgard CB, An J, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Stevens RD, Lien LF, et al. A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature that differentiates obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance. 2009;9(4):311-26.##Xiao F, Yu J, Guo Y, Deng J, Li K, Du Y, et al. Effects of individual branched-chain amino acids deprivation on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in mice. 2014;63(6):841-50.##Wang TJ, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Cheng S, Rhee EP, McCabe E, et al. Metabolite profiles and the risk of developing diabetes. Nature medicine. 2011;17(4):448.##Herman MA, She P, Peroni OD, Lynch CJ, Kahn BB. Adipose tissue branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism modulates circulating BCAA levels. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2010:jbc. M109. 075184.##Patel TP, Rawal K, Bagchi AK, Akolkar G, Bernardes N, da Silva Dias D, et al. Insulin resistance: an additional risk factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Heart failure reviews. 2016;21(1):11-23.##Marson EC, Delevatti RS, Prado AK, Netto N, Kruel LF. Effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training on insulin resistance markers in overweight or obese children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2016;93:211-8.##Shimomura Y, Murakami T, Nakai N, Nagasaki M, Harris RAJTJon. Exercise promotes BCAA catabolism: effects of BCAA supplementation on skeletal muscle during exercise. 2004;134(6):1583S-7S.##Glynn EL, Piner LW, Huffman KM, Slentz CA, Elliot-Penry L, AbouAssi H, et al. Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans. 2015;58(10):2324-35.##Balikcioglu PG, Newgard CB. Metabolomic Signatures and Metabolic Complications in Childhood Obesity.  Pediatric Obesity: Springer; 2018. p. 343-61.##Strasser B, Pesta DJBri. Resistance training for diabetes prevention and therapy: experimental findings and molecular mechanisms. 2013;2013.##Pesta DH, Goncalves RL, Madiraju AK, Strasser B, Sparks LMJN, metabolism. Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: working toward a prescription for the future. 2017;14(1):24.##Zachwieja JJ, Toffolo G, Cobelli C, Bier DM, Yarasheski KE. Resistance exercise and growth hormone administration in older men: effects on insulin sensitivity and secretion during a stable-label intravenous glucose tolerance test. Metabolism. 1996;45(2):254-60.##Roberts CK, Hevener AL, Barnard RJ. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by exercise training. Comprehensive Physiology. 2013.##Akbarpour M. The Effect of Resistance Training on Serum Levels of Adipokine and Inflammatory Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in Obese Men %J Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2013;7(3):1-10.##Vieira VJ, Valentine RJ, Wilund KR, Woods JA. Effects of diet and exercise on metabolic disturbances in high-fat diet-fed mice. Cytokine. 2009;46(3):339-45.##LEE S, GULSETH HL, REFSUM H, LANGLEITE TM, HOLEN T, JENSEN J, et al. Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Metabolism, Insulin Sensitivity (IS), and Liver Fat Response to Exercise Training in Sedentary Prediabetic and Normoglycemic Men. Am Diabetes Assoc; 2018.##Glynn EL, Piner LW, Huffman KM, Slentz CA, Elliot-Penry L, AbouAssi H, et al. Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans. Diabetologia. 2015;58(10):2324-35.##White PJ, Lapworth AL, An J, Wang L, McGarrah RW, Stevens RD, et al. Branched-chain amino acid restriction in Zucker-fatty rats improves muscle insulin sensitivity by enhancing efficiency of fatty acid oxidation and acyl-glycine export. 2016;5(7):538-51.##She P, Van Horn C, Reid T, Hutson SM, Cooney RN, Lynch CJ. Obesity-related elevations in plasma leucine are associated with alterations in enzymes involved in branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017.##Tochikubo O, Nakamura H, Jinzu H, Nagao K, Yoshida H, Kageyama N, et al. Weight loss is associated with plasma free amino acid alterations in subjects with metabolic syndrome. 2016;6(2):e197.##Gettman LR, Ward P, Hagan RD. A comparison of combined running and weight training with circuit weight training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(3):229-34.##Pichon C, Hunter G, Morris M, Bond R, Metz J. Blood pressure and heart rate response and metabolic cost of circuit versus traditional weight training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 1996;10(3):153.##Klein BE, Klein R, Lee KE. Components of the metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Beaver Dam. Diabetes care. 2002;25(10):1790-4.##Ishii T, Yamakita T, Sato T, Tanaka S, Fujii S. Resistance training improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM subjects without altering maximal oxygen uptake. Diabetes care. 1998;21(8):1353-5.##Gordon B, Benson A, Bird S, Fraser S. Resistance training improves metabolic health in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2009;83(2):157-75.##Stefanov T, Temelkova-Kurktschiev T, Koehler C, Henkel E, Schaper F, Hanefeld M. Association of physical activity with insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolytic biomarkers among population at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Folia medica. 2012;54(2):32-9.##Deldicque L, Atherton P, Patel R, Theisen D, Nielens H, Rennie MJ, et al. Decrease in Akt/PKB signalling in human skeletal muscle by resistance exercise. European journal of applied physiology. 2008;104(1):57-65.##Lucotti P, Monti LD, Setola E, Galluccio E, Gatti R, Bosi E, et al. Aerobic and resistance training effects compared to aerobic training alone in obese type 2 diabetic patients on diet treatment. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2011;94(3):395-403.##Greiwe JS, Kwon G, McDaniel ML, Semenkovich CF. Leucine and insulin activate p70 S6 kinase through different pathways in human skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism. 2001;281(3):E466-E71.##Um SH, Frigerio F, Watanabe M, Picard F, Joaquin M, Sticker M, et al. Absence of S6K1 protects against age-and diet-induced obesity while enhancing insulin sensitivity. Nature. 2004;431(7005):200.##Goffredo M, Santoro N, Tricò D, Giannini C, D’Adamo E, Zhao H, et al. A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature characterizes obese adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutrients. 2017;9(7):642.##White PJ, Lapworth AL, An J, Wang L, McGarrah RW, Stevens RD, et al. Branched-chain amino acid restriction in Zucker-fatty rats improves muscle insulin sensitivity by enhancing efficiency of fatty acid oxidation and acyl-glycine export. Molecular metabolism. 2016;5(7):538-51.##Geidenstam N, Magnusson M, Danielsson AP, Gerszten RE, Wang TJ, Reinius LE, et al. Amino acid signatures to evaluate the beneficial effects of weight loss. 2017;2017.##Hanvold SE, Vinknes KJ, Bastani NE, Turner C, Løken EB, Mala T, et al. Plasma amino acids, adiposity, and weight change after gastric bypass surgery: are amino acids associated with weight regain? 2017:1-9.##