تاثیر تزریق واکسن آنفلوانزا بر شاخص های پیش التهابی و ضد التهابی در ژیمناست های پسر نابالغ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحد ساری

چکیده

    زمینه و هدف: اثر یک جلسه تمرین حاد قبل از واکسیناسیون بر بهبود پاسخ ایمنی بررسی شده، پاسخ ایمنی پس از یک دوره تمرین، هنوز ناشناخته مانده است. هدف این مطالعه ،تاثیر تزریق واکسن آنفلوانزا  بر شاخص های های پیش التهابی و ضد التهابی در ژیمناست های پسر نابالغ بود.
    مواد و روش­ها: 30 ژیمناست پسر نوجوان به دو گروه تمرین-واکسن (گروه واکسن) و گروه تمرین بدون واکسن (گروه کنترل) تقسیم شدند. هر دو گروه برنامه تمرینی منتخب ژیمناستیک را با شدت میانگین 80-60 درصد ضربان قلب بیشینه به مدت هشت هفته و هر هفته 3 جلسه اجرا کردند. به منظور تعیین تغییرات غلظت های سرمی اینترلوکین-6(IL-6)، اینترلوکین-10(IL-10) و اینترفرون-گاما(IFN-γ)نمونه های خونی در هفته های اول، چهارم و هشتم جمع آوری شد.
 یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد IL-6 و INFγ پس از چهار هفته در هر دو گروه کاهش معنی دار یافت(0001/0=P و01/0=P به ترتیب). تفاوت معنی دار در هفته هشتم فقط در گروه واکسن دیده شده است. روند کاهش  INFγدر هفته هشتم در گروه کنترل ادامه یافت، اما این کاهش معنی­دار نبود. تفاوت معنی­دار در INFγ پس از هفته چهارم و هشتم فقط در گروه واکسن مشاهده شده است.  IL-10 در مقایسه با پیش فعالیت در هر دو گروه افزایش یافت (006/0=P). تفاوت معنی­دار در  IL-10 پس از هفته چهارم و هشتم در هر دو گروه مشاهده شده ا ست.
 بحث و نتیجه­گیری: این نتایج نشان می­دهد که تزریق واکسن آنفلوانزا تأثیر قابل توجهی بر دستگاه ایمنی و حالت التهابی خون ژیمناست­های پسر نوجوان دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


##Ellebedy AH , Webby RJ. (2009). Influenza vaccines .Vaccine  27(4):65-68. ##Musana KA, Yale SH, Mazza JJ, Reed KD. (2004). Practical considerations to influenza vaccination. Clin Med Res  2:256-259. ##Negri E, Colombo C, Giordano L, Groth N, Apolone G and Vecchia CL. (2005). Influenza vaccine in healthy children: a meta-analysis. Vaccine  23:2851-2861.## Edwards KM, Victoria EB, Louise MA, Jamie SM , Jos AB, Douglas C, Mark D and Christopher R. (2007). Eccentric exercise as an adjuvant to influenza vaccination in humans. Brain Behav Immun 21(2):209-217.##Roskos SE. (2006). Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children. Am Fam Physician 74(7):1123-1125.##Jefferson T, Smith S, Demicheli V, Harnden A, Rivetti A and Pietrantonj CD .(2005). Assessment of the efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines in healthy children: systematic review. Lancet 365(9461):773-780.##Kristien VR. (2000). Cytokines in the pathogenesis of influenza. Veterinary Microbiology 74(1-2):109-116.##MC Elhaney JE, Herre JM, Lawson ML, Cole SK, Burke BL and Hooton JW. (2004). Effect of congestive heart failure on humoral and ex vivo cellular immune responses influenza vaccination in older adults. Vaccine  22(5-6):681-688.##Golding B, Zaitseva M, Golding H .(1994). Thepotential for recruiting immune responses toward type 1 or type 2 T cell helps. Am J Trop Med Hyg  50:33-40.##Bermudez LE, Champsi J. (1993). Infection with Mycobacterium avium induces production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), and administration of anti-IL-10 antibody is associated with enhanced resistance to infection in mice. Infect Immun 61(7): 3093–3097.## Sher A, Fiorentino D, Caspar P. (1991). Production of IL-10 by CD4+T lymphocytes correlates with down-regulation of Th1cytokine synthesis in helminth infection. J Immunol  147:2713-2716.## Silva JS, Morrissey PJ, Grabstein KH. (1992). Interleukin-10 and interferon gamma egulation of experimental Trypanosoma cruziinfection. J Exp Med  175:169-174.## Corsini E, Vismara L, LucchiL, Viviani S, Stefano G, Corrado L, Galli C, Marinovich M and Racchi M. ( 2006). High interleukin-10 production is associated with low antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly. J Leukocyte Biology  80:376-382.## Sun K, Torres L, Metzger DW. (2010). A detrimental effect of interleukin-10 on protective pulmonary humoral immunity during primary influenza A virus infection. J Virol  84(10):5007-5014.## Bernstein  ED, kaye D, Abrutyn E, Gross P, Dorfmanm A and Murasko DM. (1999). Immune response to influenza vaccination in a large healthy elderly population. Vaccine  17:82-94.## Piedra PA, Gaglani MJ, Riggs M. (2005). Live attenuated influenza vaccine, trivalent, is safe in healthy children 18 months to 4 years, 5 to 9 years, and 10 to 18 years of age in a community-based, nonrandomized, open-label trial. Pediatrics 116(3):e397-407.## Gross PA, Hermogenes AW, Sacks HS, Lau J and Levandowski RA. (1995). The efficacy of influenza vaccine in elderly persons. A meta-analysis and review of the literature. Ann Intern Med  123:518-527.##  Govaert TM, Thijs CT, Masurel N, Sprenger MJ, Dinant GJ and Knottnerus JA. (1994). The efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly individuals. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. JAMA  272:1661-1665.## Woods JA, Keylock KT, Lowder T, Vieira VJ, Zelkovich W, Dumich S, Colantuano K, Lyons K, Leifheit K, Cook M, Chapman-Novakofski K and McAuley E. (2009). Cardiovascular exercise training extends influenza vaccine seroprotection in sedentary older adults: the immune function intervention trial. J Am Geriatr Soc  57(12):2183-2191.## Daly RM, Rich PA, Klein R. (1998). Hormonal responses to physical training in  high-level peripubertal male gymnasts. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol  79(1):74-81.## Campbella JP, Edwardsb KM, Ringa C, Draysond MT, Boscha JA, Inskipa AC, Longa JE, Pulsforda D and Burnsa VE. (2010). The effects of vaccine timing on the efficacy of an acute eccentric exercise intervention on the immune response to an influenza vaccine in young adults. Brain Behav Immun  24( 2):236-242.## Kohut LM, Barbara AA, Arntson wonglok L, Kayla R, kyoung- Jin y, Joan EC and Janet M. (2007). Moderate exercise improves antibody response to influenza immunization in older adults. Vaccine  22(17-18):2298-2306. ## Edwards  KM, Victoria EB, Louise MA, Jamie SM, Douglas C, Mark D and Christopher R. (2005). Eccentric exercise enhances antigen-specific cell-mediated immune response to influenza vaccination. Brain Behav Immun  516(4):e17.## Edwards KM, Victoria EB, Louise MA, Jamie SM , Jos AB, Douglas C, Mark D and Christopher R. (2009). Exercise intensity does not influence the efficacy of eccentric exercise as a behavioural adjuvant to vaccine. J Am Geriatr Soc 57(12):2183-2191.## Mc Elhaney JE, Hooton JW, Hooton N, Bleackley RC. (2005). Comparison of single versus booster dose of influenza vaccination on humoral and cellular immune responses in older adults. Vaccine  23(25):3294-3300.## Scheett TP, Nemet D, Stoppani J, Maresh C, Newcomb M, Robert S and Cooper DM. (2002). The Effect of Endurance-Type Exercise Training on Growth Mediators and Inflammatory Cytokines in Pre-Pubertal and Early Pubertal Males. Pediatr Res    52(4):491-497.## Wolach B, Eliakim A, Gavrieli R, Kodesh E, Yarom Y, Schlesinger M and Falk B. (1998). Aspects of leukocyte function and the complement system followig aerobic exercise in young female gymnasts. Scand J Med Sci Sports  8(2):91-97.## Boas SR, Joswiak ML, Nixon PA. (1996). Effects of anaerobic exercise on the immune system in eight- to seventeen-year-old trained and untrained boys. J Pediatr  129:846-855. ## Lilic D, Cant AJ, Abinun M, Calvert JE and Spickett GP. (1997). Cytokine production differs in children and adults. Pediatr Res  42:237-240.## Scheett TP, Mills PJ, Ziegler MG, Stoppani J and Cooper DM. (1999). Effect of exercise on cytokines and growth mediators in prepubertal children. Pediatr Res  46(4):429-434.## Rosa JS, Oliver SR, Flores RL, Graf SC, Pontello AM, Lbardolaza M, Zaldivar FP and Galassetti PR. (2007). Kinetic profiles of 18 systemic pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators during and following exercise in children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab  20(12):1293-1305.## Eliakim A,Wolach B, Kodesh E,Gavrieli R, Radnay J, Ben-Tovin T,Yarom Y and Falk B. (1998). Cellular and humoral immune  response to exercise among gymnasts and untrained girls. Int J Sport Med  18(3):208-212.##  Nova  E, Montero A, Lorez–Varela S, Marcos A. (2000). Are elite gymnasts really malnourished? Evaluation of diet, anthropometry and immunocompetence. Med Sci Sports Exerc  21:15- 29. ##Neuzil  KM, Englund JA. (2006). Influenza vaccine for young children: Two doses are better than one. J Pediatr 149(6):737-738. ## Jonsdottir IH, Schjerling P, Ostrowski K, Asp S, Richter EA and Pedersen BK. (2000). Muscle contractions induce interleukin-6 mRNA production in rat skeletal muscles. J Physiol  528:157–63.## Tsai MY, Hanson NQ, Straka RJ, Hoke TR, Ordovas JM, Peacock JM, Arends VL and Arnett DK. (2005). Effect of influenza vaccine on markers of inflammation and lipid profile. J Lab Clin Med  145:323–327. ## Suzuki K, Nakaji S, Yamada M, Totsuka M, Sato K and Sugawara K. (2002). Systemic inflammatory response to exhaustive exercise. Cytokine kinetics Exerc Immunol Rev  8:6–48. ## Kiecolt–Glaser JK, Glaser R, Gravenstein S, Malarkey, WB and Sheridan J. (1996). Chronic stress alters the immune response to influenza virus vaccine in older adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA  93(7):3043-3047. ## Brenner IK, Natale VM, Vasiliou P, Moldoveanu AI, ShekPN and Shephard RJ. (1999). Impact of three different types of exercise on components of the inflammatory response. Eur J appl physiol Occup Physiol  80:452-60.## Kinugawa T, Kato M, Ogino K, Osaki S, Tomikura Y and Igawa O. (2003). Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels increase in response to maximal exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol  87:83–90.## Papanicolaou DA, Petrides JS, Tsigos C, Bina S, Kalogeras KT and Wilder R. (1996). Exercise stimulates interleukin-6 secretion: inhibition by glucocorticoids and correlation with catecholamines. Am J Physiol  271(3 Pt 1):E601-5.## Wigernaes I, Hostmark AT, Stromme SB, Kierulf P and Birkeland K .(2001). Active recovery and Post-exercise white blood cell cont, free fatty acid, and hormones in endurance athletes. Eur J of Appl Physiol  84(4):358-366.## Bruunsgaard H, Galbu H, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, JohansenTL, Maclean DA and Pedersen BK. (1997). Exercise-induced increase in serum interleukin-6 in humans is related to muscle damage. J Physiol  499:833-841.## Ostrowski K, Schjerling P, Pedersen BK. (2000). Physical activity and plasma interleukin-6 in humans–effect of intensity of exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol  83:512–515.## Keylock KT, Lowder T, leifheit KA, Cook M, Mariani RA, Ross K, kim K, Chapman-Novakofski K, Mc Auley E and Woods JA. (2007). Higher antibody, but not cell-modiated, responses to vaccination in high physically fit elderly. J Appl Physiol  102(3):1090-1098. ##Folsom RW, Littlefield-Chabaud MA, French DD, Pourciau SS, Mistric L and Horohov DW. (2001). Exercise alters the immune response to equine influenza virus and increases susceptibility to infection. Equine Vet J  33(7):664-669.##