بررسی ویژگی‌های آنتروپومتریک و نیمرخ آمادگی جسمانی تکواندوکاران مرد نخبه ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.

2 دانشیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران.

10.22080/jaep.2026.31316.2247

چکیده

اهداف: در سال‌های اخیر، اطلاعات محدودی درباره قابلیت‌های فیزیولوژیکی ورزشکاران نخبه تکواندو در ایران در دسترس بوده است. بنابراین، هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی نمایه فیزیولوژیکی ورزشکاران نخبه مرد تکواندو در ایران بود.
روش مطالعه: در این مطالعه میدانی و توصیفی تعداد 16 مرد تکواندکار دعوت شده به تیم ملی در سال 1404 در 8 وزن جهانی شرکت داشتند. مشخصات آنتروپومتریک، ترکیب بدن و مؤلفه‌های آمادگی جسمانی آزمودنی‌ها شامل توان هوازی (آزمون پله کوئین)، توان عضلانی (آزمون پرش سارجنت)، انعطاف پذیری (آزمون کشش و رسیدن)، چابکی (آزمون 9 × 4 متر) و سرعت (آزمون دوی سرعت 30 متر) اندازهگیری شد.
یافته ­ها: از مهم‌ترین نتایج به دست آمده می‌توان به این موارد اشاره کرد که میانگین و انحراف معیار قد آزمودنی‌ها 7/5 ± 1/179 سانتی متر، طول پاها 8/3 ± 8/107 سانتی‌متر، درصد چربی 3/2 ± 2/9 درصد، توان عضلانی 5/170 ± 9/1003 وات، توان هوازی 8/3 ± 3/41 میلی‌لیتر بر کیلوگرم در دقیقه، انعطاف‌پذیری 6/7 ± 5/40 سانتی‌متر، چابکی 3/0 ± 2/9 ثانیه و سرعت برابر با 2/0 ± 7/4 ثانیه است.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده اگرچه تمام مؤلفه‌های نیمرخ فیزیولوژیکی تکواندوکاران مرد نخبه در سطح مطلوب قرار دارد اما در مقایسه با کشورهای پیشرو همچون کره جنوبی ارتقاء برخی مؤلفه‌ها همچون توان هوازی، استقامت عضلانی، سرعت و چابکی نیازمند توجه بیشتری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Anthropometric Characteristics and Physical Fitness Profile of Elite Male Taekwondo Athletes in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Kazempour 1
  • Mehrzad Moghadasi 2
1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Department of Exercise Physiology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: In recent years, limited information has been available regarding the physiological capabilities of elite taekwondo athletes in Iran. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the physiological profile of male elite taekwondo athletes in Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive study, sixteen male taekwondo athletes invited to the national team in 2025, representing eight international weight categories, participated. The athletes’ anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and physical fitness components were assessed, including aerobic power (Queens Step Test), muscular power (Sargent Jump Test), flexibility (Sit-and-Reach Test), agility (4 × 9 m shuttle run test), and speed (30 m sprint test).
Results: The most important findings were as follows: the mean ± standard deviation of the participants’ height was 179.1 ± 5.7 cm, leg length was 107.8 ± 3.8 cm, body fat percentage was 9.2 ± 2.3%, muscular power was 1003.9 ± 170.5 W, aerobic power was 41.3 ± 3.8 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, flexibility was 40.5 ± 7.6 cm, agility was 2.9 ± 0.3 s, and sprint speed (30 m) was 7.4 ± 0.2 s.
Conclusion: According to the results, although all components of the physiological profile of elite male taekwondo athletes were at an acceptable level, comparison with leading countries such as South Korea indicates that greater attention should be given to improving certain components, including aerobic power, muscular endurance, speed, and agility.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Elite Taekwondo Athletes
  • Physical Fitness
  • Anthropometric
  • Body Composition
  • Athletic Success
##American Collage of Sport Medicine. (2017). ACSM’s health-related physical fitness assessment manual, 5 Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins publishing. ##Apriantono, T., Herman, I., Winata, B., Fathii Hasan, M., Dwi Juniarsyah, A., et al. (2020). Differences of physiological characteristics of taekwondo junior players vs pencak silat junior players. Physic Act Rev, 8(2): 9-15. ##Arabameri, E., Dehkhoda, M., Taheri, M., Khanipoor, H. (2010). Surveying the physical fitness profile of Iranian taekwondo national team. Sport Scie Quart., 2(3) 63-76. [In Persian] ##Araujo, M.P., Nobrega, A.C.L., Espinosa, G., Hausen, M.R., Castro, R.R.T., Soares, P.P., et al. (2017). Proposal of a new specific cardiopulmonary exercise test for taekwondo athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 31(6):1525–35. ##Bridge, C.A., Ferreira da Silva Santos, J., Chaabène, H., Pieter, W., Franchini, E. (2014). Physical and physiological profiles of taekwondo athletes. Sports Med, 44(6): 713-33. ##Bridge, C.A., Sparks, A.S., McNaughton, L.R., Close, G.L., Hausen, M., Gurgel, J., et al. (2018). Repeated exposure to Taekwondo combat modulates the physiological and hormonal responses to subsequent bouts and recovery periods. J Strength Cond Res, 32(9):2529-2541. ##Casadei, K., Kiel, J. (2022). Anthropometric measurement. StatPearls Publishing. ##Chaabene, H., Negra, Y., Capranica, L., Bouguezzi, R., Hachana, Y., Rouahi, M.A., et al. (2018). Validity and reliability of a new test of planned agility in elite taekwondo athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 32(9): 2542-2547. ##Dadgostar, H., Ghanbarnasab, M., Nazari, A. (2020). Physical fitness and cardiovascular endurance status of Iranian elite female taekwondo athletes. Asian J Sports Med, 11(1): e94796. ##Dronbic, F.M. (1995). Profile de condition fascia del equipo national de taekwon-do. In 8th FIMS European Sports Medicine Congress. Granda, Spain. ##Franchini, E., Brito, C.J., Artioli, G.G. (2012). Weight loss in combat sports: physiological, psychological and performance effects. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 9(1):52. ##Gaeini, A.A., Mahmoudi, Y., Moradyan, K., Fallahi, A.A. (2010). The relationship between anthropometric, physiological and body composition characteristics of male elite taekwondo athletes with their success. J Sport Bioscience, 2(4): 5-20. ##Hausen, M., Soares, P.P., Araujo, M.P., Esteves, D., Julio, H., Tauil, R., et al. (2018). Eliciting higher maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory responses during a new taekwondo-specific aerobic test. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2018:1–8. ##Hong, C.B., Lee, S.J., Park, J.S. (2020). Comparative Analysis of Physical Fitness Factors, Anaerobic Exercise Capacity, and Isokinetic Muscle Function of Male College Taekwondo Excellent Players and Non-excellent Players. J Coach De, 22: 123–131. ##Jafari, H., Hadavi, S.F. (2014). Physiological profile of Iranian men national taekwondo team. Research J Recent Sci, 3(10): 28-35. ##Kazemi, M., De Ciantis, M.G., Rahman, A. (2013). A profile of the youth Olympic taekwondo athlete. J Can Chiropr Assoc, 57(4):293-300. ##Kim, J., Nam, S. (2021). Physical characteristics and physical fitness profiles of Korean taekwondo athletes: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18: 9624. ##Langan-Evans, C., Close, G., Morton, J. (2011). Making weight in combat sports. Strength Cond J, 33(6):25-39. ##McLaughlin, A. (2019). The Physical and Physiological Demands of Taekwondo Training and International Competition. A thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 55-60. ##Mirmohammadi, S., Nikbakht, H., Ebrahim, K. (2017). Comparison of selected physiological and physical fitness characteristics of professional women taekwondo athletes in kiurogi and poomsae styles. J Sport Exerc Physiol, 10(2): 47-58. [In Persian] ##Nabizadeh Khayyat, H., Güler Sağır, S., Hataş, O., Smolarczyk, M., Akalan, C. (2020). Physical, physiological and psychological profiles of elite Turkish taekwondo athletes. Biomed Human Kinetic, 12: 187–196. ##Nam, S.S., Lim, K. (2019). Effects of taekwondo training on physical fitness factors in Korean elementary students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem, 23(1):36–47. ##Rocha, F., Louro, H., Matias, R., Costa, A. (2016). Anaerobic fitness assessment in taekwondo athletes. A new perspective. Motricidade, 12: 127-139. ##Plowman, S.A., Smith, D.L. (2011) Exercise physiology for health, fitness and performance, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 3rd Edition##Sadowski, J., Glerczuk, D., Miller, J., Clesllnskl, I. (2012). Success factors in elite WTF taekwondo competitors. Arch Budo, 8(3): 141-146. ##Sant'Ana, J., Franchini, E., Murias, J., Diefenthaeler, F. (2017). Validity of a taekwondo specific test to measure vo2peak and the heart rate deflection point. J Strength Cond Res, 33(9):2523-2529. ##Santos, D.A., Dawson, J.A., Matias, C.N., Rocha, P.M., Minderico, C.S., Allison, D.B., et al. (2014). Reference values for body composition and anthropometric measurements in athletes. PLoS One, 9(5): e97846. ##Seo, M.W., Jung, H.C., Song, J.K., Kim, H.B. (2015). Effect of 8 weeks of preseason training on body composition, physical fitness, anaerobic capacity, and isokinetic muscle strength in male and female collegiate taekwondo athletes. J Exerc Rehabil, 11(2): 101-7. ##Taati, B., Arazi, H., Bridge, C.A., Franchini, E. (2022). A new taekwondo-specific field test for estimating aerobic power, anaerobic fitness, and agility performance. PLoS ONE, 17(3): e0264910. ##World Taekwondo. Competition rules & interpretation. (2020). Available at: http://www.worldtaekwondo.org. ##