تاثیر 12 هفته تمرین مداوم با شدت متوسط و تمرین اینتروال با شدت بالا بر تغییر پذیری زمان محور ضربان قلب در جوانان کم تحرک سیگاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

2 دانشیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

10.22080/jaep.2025.29146.2224

چکیده

اهداف: بیماری قلبی در افراد سیگاری و کم‌تحرک زیاد است. تغییر پذیری ضربان قلب (HRV) به‌عنوان شاخص عملکرد سیستم عصبی خودمختار، شناخته می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش مقایسه تأثیر ۱۲ هفته تمرین تداومی با شدت متوسط و تمرین تناوبی‌شدید بر شاخص‌های زمان‌محور HRV در مردان جوان کم‌تحرک سیگاری بود.
روش مطالعه: این مطالعه نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون–پس‌آزمون روی ۳۰ دانشجوی مرد سیگاری کم‌تحرک (با فعالیت بدنی کمتر از ۹۰ دقیقه در هفته طبق پرسش‌نامه IPAQ) و مصرف حداقل ۵ نخ سیگار در روز انجام شد. آزمودنی‌ها در سه گروه تمرین با شدت متوسط و تداومی (MICT)، گروه تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا (HIIT) و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. تمرینات در ۱۲ هفته ۳۶ جلسه اجرا شد. گروه MICT دویدن روی تردمیل را با شدت۴۰–۶۵٪ HRmax برای ۳۰–۴۰ دقیقه داشتند. گروه HIIT تمرینات تناوبی شامل چرخه‌های یک دقیقه‌ای دویدن روی تردمیل با شدت ۸۵–۹۵٪ HRmax و فواصل استراحت فعال یک دقیقه‌ای با شدت ۵۵–۶۰٪ HRmax انجام دادند. حجم تمرین در دو گروه از نظر مدت زمان کل فعالیت و بار تمرینی قلبی معادل‌سازی و از پولار برای کنترل شدت‌ها استفاده شد. HRV پیش و پس از دوره تمرینی در حالت استراحت با استفاده از هولتر، ۹۰ دقیقه‌ اندازه‌گیری شد. تحلیل آماری با استفاده از آزمون ANOVA در سطح معنا‌داری 05/0>p  انجام شد.
یافته ها: هر دو نوع تمرین HIIT و MICT باعث افزایش معنادار شاخص‌های زمان‌محور HRV از جمله SDNN، RMSSD،SDANN  و توان کل TP نسبت به گروه کنترل شدند ( p<0.05) افزایش مقادیر RMSSD، SDNN  و SDANN در گروه HIIT نسبت به MICT معنادارتر بود ( p<0.05) اما در شاخصTP، تفاوت بین گروه‌ها معنادار نبود.
نتیجه گیری: هر دو نوع تمرین موجب افزایش HRV در جوانان کم‌تحرک سیگاری شدند. با توجه به مزیت نسبی تمرینات HIIT در برخی شاخص‌های زمان محور، این نوع تمرین می‌تواند به عنوان روشی مؤثرتر برای بهبود عملکرد قلبی–عصبی در این گروه جمعیتی مطرح شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of 12 Weeks of Continuous Moderate Intensity and High Intensity Interval Training on Time Domain Heart Rate Variability in Sedentary Young Smokers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Armin Behmanesh 1
  • ,Bahloul Ghorbanian 2
1 Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent among smokers and physically inactive individuals. Heart rate variability (HRV), particularly time-domain measures, is recognized as an indicator of autonomic nervous system function. This study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on time-domain HRV indices in young sedentary male smokers.
Methods: This semi-experimental study employed a pre-test–post-test design and included 30 young sedentary male students who smoked at least 5 cigarettes per day and engaged in less than 90 minutes of physical activity per week, as assessed by the IPAQ questionnaire. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and control. Training was conducted over 12 weeks, totaling 36 sessions. The MICT group performed treadmill running at 40–65% HRmax for 30–40 minutes. The HIIT group completed interval running cycles consisting of 1-minute bouts at 85–95% HRmax, interspersed with 1-minute active recovery periods at 55–60% HRmax. Training volume was equated between groups in terms of total activity duration and cardiac workload, with intensity monitored using Polar heart rate devices. Resting HRV was measured for 90 minutes using Holter monitoring before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a significance level of p < 0.05
Results: Both HIIT and MICT significantly increased time-domain HRV indices, including SDNN, RMSSD, SDANN, and total power (TP), compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Increases in RMSSD, SDNN, and SDANN were significantly greater in the HIIT group compared to the MICT group (p < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed between groups for TP.
Conclusion: Both HIIT and MICT improved HRV in young sedentary smokers. Considering the relative advantage of HIIT in some time-domain indices, this training modality may serve as a more effective approach for enhancing cardiac–autonomic function in this population.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • HIIT
  • MICT
  • Heart Rate Variability
  • Cardiac Autonomic System
  • Maximal Oxygen Consumption
  • Young Sedentary Male Smokers
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