اثر سطح مهارت شنا بر سینرژی عضلات منتخب طی فعالیت شبیه ساز شنای کرال سینه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

2 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

3 استادیار بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

10.22080/jaep.2025.28354.2216

چکیده

اهداف: بهبود عملکرد طی حرکت شنای کرال سینه سبب بهبود زمان اجرای شناگر می­شود، بنابراین تعیین الگوی هماهنگی فعالیت عضلات بسیار مهم است. سینرژی عضلانی یکی از روش­های تعیین رابطه بین سیستم عصبی مرکزی و عضلات بدن است که طی حرکات مختلف شکل می­گیرد. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر سطح مهارت بر الگوی سینرژی عضلانی در فعالیت شبیه ساز شنای کرال سینه بود.
روش مطالعه: پژوهش حاضر از نوع نیمه تجربی بود. 10 شناگر ماهر و 10 شناگر مبتدی در پژوهش حاضر شرکت کردند. فعالیت الکترومایوگرافی عضلات دوسر بازویی، سر خارجی سه سر بازویی، سر دراز سه سر بازویی، خم کننده انگشتان و پشتی بزرگ مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. الگوی سینرژی بر اساس ماتریس فاکتورسازی غیرمنفی (NNMF) استخراج شد.
یافته­ ها: نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو گروه تعداد سه سینرژی می­تواند فعالیت عضلات مورد بررسی را حین شنا بازسازی کند. در ارتباط با وزن نسبی عضلات در هر یک از سینرژی­ها، در سینرژی اول، سر خارجی عضله سه سر باوزیی در گروه شناگران غیرماهر وزن بیشتری نسبت به گروه ماهر داشت (001/0 = p). در سینرژی دوم، عضله پشتی بزرگ در گروه مبتدی وزن نسبی بزرگتری را نسبت به گروه ورزشکاران ماهر داشت (033/0 = p). در سینرژی سوم، بین وزن نسبی عضلات در دو گروه هیچ اختلافی مشاهده نشد.
نتیجه گیری: این یافته­ ها نشان می‌دهد که این تغییرات مشاهده شده استراتژی سیستم عصبی مرکزی است تا بتواند ساختار کلی سینرژی­ها را محفوظ نگه دارد و در نتیجه عملکرد شناگران را به صورت بهینه حفظ کند.

 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Swimming Skill Level on Selected Muscle Synergy During Swimming Simulator Activity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hasan Jebur Al-Hilali 1
  • Shadmehr Mirdar 2
  • Fatemeh Salari-Esker 3
1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.
2 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.
3 Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objectives: Improving performance during crawl swimming leads to improving swimming time. Therefore, determining the pattern of muscle coordination during crawl is very important. Muscle synergy is one of the methods to determine the relationship between the central nervous system and the muscles that is formed during different movements. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of skill level on the pattern of muscle synergy in simulated crawl swimming activity.
Methods: 10 skilled and 10 beginner swimmers participated in the present study. The electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii, lateral head of the triceps brachii, and long head of the triceps brachii, flexor digitorum, and latissimus dorsi muscles were examined. The synergy pattern was extracted based on the non-negative factorization matrix (NNMF).
Results: The results showed that in both groups, 3 synergies could reproduce the activity of the muscles during crawl swimming. Regarding the relative muscles weight, in the first synergy, the lateral head of the triceps brachii muscle in the novice swimmers had a greater weight than in the skilled group (p = 0.001). In the second synergy, the latissimus dorsi muscle in the novice group had a greater relative weight than in the elite athletes (p = 0.033). In the third synergy, no difference was observed between groups.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that these observed changes are a strategy of the central nervous system to preserve the overall structure of synergies in order to maintain optimal swimmer performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electromyography
  • Muscle Synergy
  • Swimming
  • Crawl
  • Level of Skill
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