ارزیابی شاخص‌های توانی و لاکتات بازیکنان فوتبال نخبه متعاقب چهار هفته تمرین‌های توانمندسازی پس فعالی افزایش عملکرد و تناوبی سرعتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، پردیس شهید چمران، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد علوم ورزشی، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دکترای فیزیولوژی ورزش، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22080/jaep.2023.24663.2121

چکیده

اهداف: توانمندسازی پس فعالی افزایش عملکرد (PAPE) به همراه تمرین‌های تناوبی سرعتی (SIT) منجر به فعال‌سازی سازوکارهای عصبی-عضلانی و سازگاری‌های فیزیولوژیکی در بازیکنان فوتبال می‌گردد. در همین راستا هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی شاخص‌های توانی و لاکتات متعاقب یک دوره تمرین‌های PAPE و SIT در بازیکنان نخبه فوتبال بود.
روش مطالعه: تعداد 20 بازیکن فوتبال نخبه باشگاه پاس با میانگین (سابقه تمرین 3/4 سال، سن 6±17 سال، وزن 5±70 کیلوگرم، قد 3±180 سانتی‌متر شاخص توده بدن 2±60/21) به‌طور داوطلبانه و به‌صورت پیش آزمون-پس آزمون در این پژوهش شرکت کردند. شرکت‌کنندگان به دو گروه 10نفره اسکوات-پلایومتریک (SP) و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه SP برنامه تمرین PAPE و SIT را به مدت 4 هفته طی 2 جلسه در هفته یکشنبه‌ها: تمرین SIT با 5 تکرار 30 ثانیه تلاش حداکثر با استراحت فعال 5:00 بین هر تکرار در هفته نخست انجام شد و در هفته چهارم استراحت فعال تا 3:30 بین هر تکرار کاهش یافت. پنجشنبه‌ها: تمرین PAPE نیم‌اسکوات با 40% قدرت بیشینه تا حد واماندگی سپس 7 دقیقه استراحت فعال، سپس 2 نوبت 4 تکرار نیم‌اسکوات با 80% قدرت بیشینه و بلافاصله 2 نوبت تمرین پلایومتریک پرش از 5 مانع 70 سانتی‌متری اجرا کردند و بعد از 2 دقیقه استراحت فعال، آزمون رست (RAST) انجام شد. آزمون رست در دو مرحله پیش و پس آزمون انجام شد و به فاصله 5 دقیقه خون‌گیری به عمل آمد. داده‌ها با آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس تحلیل شدند 05/0p≤.
یافته ­ها: نتایج نشان داد در شاخص‌های متابولیکی و عملکردی گروه SP عملکرد بهتری نسبت به گروه کنترل داشت 0001/0p≤. در ارتباط با شاخص لاکتات نتایج نشان‌دهنده افزایش بسیار بالا در گروه‌ تمرین در مرحله پیش‌آزمون بود 0001/0p≤. در بررسی درون‌گروهی، نتایج نشان‌دهنده عملکرد بهتر گروه‌ تمرینی SP در شاخص‌های لاکتات، بیشینه‌توان، کمینه‌توان، میانگین‌توان، شاخص‌خستگی در مرحله پس‌آزمون بود، اما این تفاوت به‌جز در شاخص لاکتات در سایر شاخص‌ها برای گروه کنترل معنی‌دار نبود.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته‌ها به نظر می‌رسد دستورالعمل‌های PAPE به همراه SIT می‌تواند یک راهبرد مؤثر برای تغییر متابولیسم لاکتات و مؤلفه‌های عملکردی توان بی‌هوازی در فصل آمادگی اختصاصی پیش از مسابقه محسوب گردد و ورزشکاران جوان تمرین کرده برای بهبود ظرفیت‌ها و سازگاری‌های فیزیولوژیک باید با شدت نسبی بیشینه تمرین کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of power and lactate indices of elite football players following a period of PAPE and SIT training

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roohollah Mohammadi Mirzaei 1
  • Hamid Moradi 2
  • Majid Mohamadi 3
1 Department of Sports Sciences, Farhangian University, Shahid Chamran Campus, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Movement Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Movement Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objectives: post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) along with speed interval exercises (SIT) leads to the activation of neuromuscular mechanism and physiological adaptations in football players. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to evaluation of power and lactate indices of elite football players following a period of PAPE and SIT training.
Methods: For this purpose, 20 elite football players of Pas Club (practice experience of 4.3 years, age 17±6 years, weight 70±5 kilograms, body mass index 21.60±2)  voluntarily participated in this research. The participants were divided into two groups of 10, squat-plyometric (SP) and control. The SP group followed the PAPE and SIT training program for 4 weeks during 2 sessions a week on Sundays: SIT training with 5 repetitions of 30 seconds of maximum effort with 5:00 active rest between each repetition was performed in the first week and in the fourth week active rest up to 3:30 decreased between each repetition. Thursdays: half-squat PAPE training with 40% of maximum strength to the point of exhaustion, then 7 minutes of active rest, then 2 times of 4 repetitions of half-squat with 80% of maximum strength, and immediately they performed 2 times of plyometric training, jumping over 5 obstacles of 70 cm, and after 2 minutes of rest Active, RAST test was performed. The roast test was performed in two stages before and after the test, and blood was drawn after 5 minutes.
Results: The analysis of covariance test showed that SP training group performed better than the control group in terms of metabolic and functional indicators, p≤0.0001. In connection with the lactate index, the results showed a very high increase in the training group in the pre-test stage, p≤0.0001. In the intragroup analysis, the results showed a better performance of the SP training group in lactate, maximum power, minimum power, average power, fatigue index in the post-test stage. But this difference was not significant for the control group except for the lactate index in other indices.
Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that PAPE guidelines with SIT can be considered an effective strategy for changing lactate metabolism and functional components of anaerobic power, in the specific preparation season before the competition, young athletes should be considered and trained athletes should train with maximum relative intensity to improve their capacities and physiological adaptations. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Post-Activity Potentiation
  • Interval
  • Plyometric
  • Lactic Acid
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