##Laurendi G, Donfrancesco C, Palmieri L, Vanuzzo D, Scalera G, Giampaoli S. 2015. Association of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors with lung function in a sample of the adult Italian population: a cross-sectional survey. Respiration, 89: 33–40, doi: 10.1159/000369035. ##Dumith SC, Hallal PC, Reis RS, Kohl HW. 2011. Worldwide prevalence of physical inactivity and its association with human development index in 76 countries. J. Prev. Med. 53: 24–28. ## Cornelissen VA, Smart NA. 2013. Exercise training for blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2: 1–68. ## World Health Organization. 2016. Monitoring Health for the SDGs Sustainable Development Goals; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland. ##Clarke TC, Ward BW, Norris T, Schiller JS. 2017. Early release of selected estimates based on data from the January–September 2016 National Health Interview Survey. Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta, GA, USA, 1–120. ##Mullahy J, Robert SA. 2010. No time to lose: Time constraints and physical activity in the production of health. Rev. Econ. Househ. 8: 409–432.## Kleiger RE, Stein PK, Bigger JT. 2005. Heart rate variability: measurement and clinical utility. Ann Non invasive Electro cardiol. 10 (1):88–101. ##Tsuji H, Larson MG, Venditti Jr FJ, Manders ES, Evans JC, Feldman CL, et al. 1996. Impact of Reduced Heart Rate Variability on Risk for Cardiac Events. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 94: 2850-2855. ## Liao D, Cai J, Rosamond WD, Barnes RF, Hutchinson RG, Whitsel EA, et al. 1997. Cardiac Autonomic Function and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: A Population-Based Case-Cohort Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 145: 696-706. ##Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. 1996. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation. 93(5): 1043–1065. ##Ramírez-Vélez Ro, Tordecilla-Sanders Al, Téllez-T Lu, Camelo-Prieto Di, Hernández-Quiñonez Pa, Correa-Bautista Jo, et al. 2017. Effect of Moderate Versus High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Inactive Latin-American Adults: A Randomised Clinical Trial. Medicin & Science in Sport & Exercise, 49: 908- 909. ##Al-Ani M, Munir SM, White M, Townend J, Coote JH. 1996. Changes in R-R variability before and after endurance training measured by power spectral analysis and by the effect of isometric muscle contraction. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:397-403. ##Dixon EM, Kamath MV, McCartney N, Fallen EL. 1992. Neural regulation of heart rate variability in endurance athletes and sedentary controls. Cardiovasc. Res. 26:713-719. ##Smith ML, Hudson DL, Graitzer HM, Raven PB. 1989. Exercise training bradycardia: The role of autonomic balance. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 21: 40-44. ##Bonaduce D, Petretta M, Cavallaro V, Apicella C, Ianniciello A, Romano M, et al. 1998. Intensive training and cardiac autonomic control in high level athletes. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 30:691-696. ##Boutcher SH, Stein P. 1995. Association between heart rate variability and training response in sedentary middle-aged men. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 70:75-80. ##Iellamo F, Manzi V, Caminiti G, Vitale C, Castagna C, Massaro M, et al. 2013. Matched dose interval and continuous exercise training induce similar cardiorespiratory and metabolic adaptations in patients with heart failure. Int J Cardiol, 167(6): 2561-5. ##Mendes RG, Simoes RP, de Souza Melo CF, Pantoni CB, Di Thommazo L, Luzzi S, et al. 2011. Left ventricular function and autonomic cardiac adaptations after short-term in patient cardiac rehabilitation: A prospective clinical trial. J Rehabil Med, 43(8): 720-7. ##Sandercock GR, Grocott-Mason R, Brodie DA. 2007. Changes in short-term measures of heart rate variability after eight weeks of cardiac rehabilitation. Clin Auton Res. 17(1): 39-45. ##Kong Z, Fan X, Sun S, Song L, Shi Q, Nie J. 2016. Comparison of high-intensity interval training and moderate-to-vigorous continuous training for cardiometabolic health and exercise enjoyment in obese young women: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 11: 1–16. ##Gibala MJ, McGee SL. 2008. "Metabolic adaptations to shortterm high-intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain?" Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 36(2): 58. ##Ghardashi-Afousi A, Holisaz MT, Shirvani H, & Pishgoo B. 2018. The effects of low-volume high-intensity interval versus moderate intensity continuous training on heart rate variability, and hemodynamic and echocardiography indices in men after coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized clinical trial study. ARYA Atheroscler, 14(6): 260-271. ##Alansare A, Alford K, Lee S, Church T, Hyun Chul Jung. 2018. The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Heart Rate Variability in Physically Inactive Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,15: 1508; ##Gilles N. 2018. The effects of high-intesity interval training on autonomic function in elderly people with increased cardiovascular risk. Master Thesis, University of Basel, Faculty of Medicine. ##Besnier F, Labrune´e M, Richard L, Faggianelli F, Kerros H, Soukarie L, et al. 2019. Short-term effects of a 3-week interval training program on heart rate variability in chronic heart failure. A randomised controlled trial. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 62: 321–328. ##Hannan AL, Hing W, Simas V, Climstein M, Coombes JS, Jayasinghe R, et al. 2018. High-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training within cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Medicine. 9: 1-17. ##Duru F, Candinas R, Dziekan G, Goebbels U, Myers J, Dubach P. 2000. Effect of exercise training on heart rate variability in patients with new-onset left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal. 140(1): 157-61. ##Sloan RP, Shapiro PA, DeMeersman RE, Bagiella E, Brondolo EN, McKinley PS, et al. 2009. The effect of aerobic training and cardiac autonomic regulation in young adults. American Journal of Public Health. 99(5): 921-8. ##Ciolac EG, Bocchi EA, Bortolotto LA, Carvalho VO, Greve JM, Guimaraes GV. 2010. Effects of highintensity aerobic interval training vs. moderate exercise on hemodynamic, metabolic and neurohumoral abnormalities of young normotensive women at high familial risk for hypertension. Hypertension Research. 33(8): 836-43. ##Izadi MR, Ghardashi Afousi A, Asvadi Fard M, Babaee Bigi MA. 2018. High-intensity interval training lowers blood pressure and improves apelin and NOx plasma levels in older treated hypertensive individuals. The Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry. 74(1): 47-55. ##Holloway TM, Bloemberg D, da Silva ML, Simpson JA, Quadrilatero J, Spriet LL. 2015. High intensity interval and endurance training have opposing effects on markers of heart failure and cardiac remodeling in hypertensive rats. PLoS One,10(3): e0121138. ##de Oliveira SáG, Dos Santos Neves V, de Oliveira Fraga SR, Souza-Mello V, Barbosa-da-Silva S. 2017. High-intensity interval training has beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling through local reninangiotensin system modulation in mice fed high-fat or high-fructose diets. Life Sciences. 189: 8-17. ##Chowdhary S, Townend JN. 1999. Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of cardiovascular autonomic control. Clinical Science. 97(1): 5-17. ##Munk PS, Staal EM, Butt N, Isaksen K, Larsen AI. 2009. High-intensity interval training may reduce in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation A randomized controlled trial evaluating the relationship to endothelial function and inflammation. American Heart Journal. 158(5): 734-41. ##Massion PB, Dessy C, Desjardins F, Pelat M, Havaux X, Belge C, et al. 2004. Cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) attenuates beta-adrenergic stimulation and reinforces vagal inhibition of cardiac contraction. Circulation. 110(17): 2666-72. ##Smith DL, Fernhall B. 2011. Advanced cardiovascular exercise physiology. ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-7392-9. ##Moradians V, Rahimi A, Javad Moosavi SA, Sahebkar Khorasani FS, Mazaherinejad A, Mortezazade M, et al. 2016. Effect of Eight-Week Aerobic, Resistive, and Interval Exercise Routines on Respiratory Parameters in Non-Athlete Women. Tanaffos. 15(2): 96-100. ##