##Aminilari, Z., et al., The effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise on the apelin, omentin and glucose in obese older women with diabetes type 2. 2014.##Rosiek, A., et al., Effect of television on obesity and excess of weight and consequences of health. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2015. 12(8): p. 9408-9426.##Wynne, C., C. Comiskey, and S. McGilloway, The role of body mass index, weight change desires and depressive symptoms in the health-related quality of life of children living in urban disadvantage: testing mediation models. Psychology & health, 2016. 31(2): p. 147-165.##Choi, H., et al., Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 promotes epithelial cell transformation and breast tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 gene expression. British journal of pharmacology, 2015. 172(21): p. 5096-5109.##Hoffstedt, J., et al., Adipose tissue adiponectin production and adiponectin serum concentration in human obesity and insulin resistance. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2004. 89(3): p. 1391-1396.##Ghasemnian, A., et al., Changes of Plasma Visfatin and Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Non-athlete Adolescents following an Eight-Week-Endurance Rope Training. Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, 2014. 22(94).##Ahrén, B., et al., Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 reduces glycemia, sustains insulin levels, and reduces glucagon levels in type 2 diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2004. 89(5): p. 2078-2084.##Drucker, D.J., Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition and the treatment of type 2 diabetes: preclinical biology and mechanisms of action. Diabetes care, 2007. 30(6): p. 1335-1343.##Lamers, D., et al., Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a novel adipokine potentially linking obesity to the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes, 2011: p. DB_101707.##Ohnuma, K., R. Hatano, and C. Morimoto, DPP4 in anti-tumor immunity: going beyond the enzyme. Nature immunology, 2015. 16(8): p. 791.##Meissner, E.G., et al., Dynamic changes of post-translationally modified forms of CXCL10 and soluble DPP4 in HCV subjects receiving interferon-free therapy. PLoS One, 2015. 10(7): p. e0133236.##Malin, S.K., et al., Lower dipeptidyl peptidase-4 following exercise training plus weight loss is related to increased insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome. Peptides, 2013. 47: p. 142-147.##Reinehr, T., et al., Changes of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) in obese children with weight loss: relationships to peptide YY, pancreatic peptide, and insulin sensitivity. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2010. 23(1-2): p. 101-108.## Biddle, S.J. and A.M. Batterham, High-intensity interval exercise training for public health: a big HIT or shall we HIT it on the head? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2015. 12(1): p. 95.##Esfarjani, F. and P.B. Laursen, Manipulating high-intensity interval training: Effects on V˙ O2 max, the lactate threshold and 3000 m running performance in moderately trained males. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 2007. 10(1): p. 27-35.##Rashidlamir, A., et al., The effect of four-week period of aerobic exercise with cinnamon consumption on lipoprotein indicates and blood sugar in diabetic female patients (type 2). SSU_Journals, 2013. 20(5): p. 605-614.##Vanschoonbeek, K., et al., Cinnamon supplementation does not improve glycemic control in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes patients. The Journal of nutrition, 2006. 136(4): p. 977-980.##Anderson, R.A., Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity: plenary lecture. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2008. 67(1): p. 48-53.##Baker, W.L., et al., Effect of cinnamon on glucose control and lipid parameters. Diabetes care, 2008. 31(1): p. 41-43.##Medicine, A.C.o.S., ACSM's health-related physical fitness assessment manual. 2013: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.##Tanaka, H., K.D. Monahan, and D.R. Seals, Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001. 37(1): p. 153-156.##Medicine, A.C.o.S., ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 2013: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.##Gurd, B.J., et al., High-intensity interval training increases SIRT1 activity in human skeletal muscle. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2010. 35(3): p. 350-357.##Kazemi A., R.M., Akhondi M, Effect of 6 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training with Cinnamon Supplementation on Serum Apelin Concentration and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Boys. Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences, 2016. 22(3): p. 177-183.[persian].##Fernández-Real, J.-M., et al., Insulin resistance, inflammation, and serum fatty acid composition. Diabetes care, 2003. 26(5): p. 1362-1368.##Wild, S., et al., Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes care, 2004. 27(5): p. 1047-1053.##Day, C. and C. Baily. A Diabetologists herbal, current medicine literature in diabetes. in Roy Soc Med. 1998.##Chao, M., et al., Improving insulin resistance with traditional Chinese medicine in type 2 diabetic patients. Endocrine, 2009. 36(2): p. 268-274.##Miyazaki, M., et al., Increased hepatic expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with insulin resistance and glucose metabolism. Molecular medicine reports, 2012. 5(3): p. 729-733.##Conarello, S.L., et al., Mice lacking dipeptidyl peptidase IV are protected against obesity and insulin resistance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2003. 100(11): p. 6825-6830.##Boschmann, M., et al., Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV inhibition augments postprandial lipid mobilization and oxidation in type 2 diabetic patients. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2009. 94(3): p. 846-852.##Solomon, T.P., et al., Effects of exercise training and diet on lipid kinetics during free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in older obese humans with impaired glucose tolerance. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2009. 297(2): p. E552-E559.##sayah, A., The effect of weight loss caused by three methods of energy balance (caloric restriction, aerobic exercise with three different intensities (high, moderate, low) and caloric restriction and aerobic exercise combination] on the expression of DPP-4 gene and plasma levels of GIP, GLP1, DPP- 4 and insulin resistance index in obese rats. 2016.##Laursen, P.B., et al., Interval training program optimization in highly trained endurance cyclists. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002. 34(11): p. 1801-1807.##Linossier, M.-T., et al., Ergometric and metabolic adaptation to a 5-s sprint training programme. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 1993. 67(5): p. 408-414.##Burgomaster, K.A., et al., Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans. The Journal of physiology, 2008. 586(1): p. 151-160.##Gibala, M.J., et al., Short‐term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. The Journal of physiology, 2006. 575(3): p. 901-911.##Laursen, P.B. and D.G. Jenkins, The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training. Sports medicine, 2002. 32(1): p. 53-73.##Couturier, K., et al., Cinnamon increases liver glycogen in an animal model of insulin resistance. Metabolism, 2011. 60(11): p. 1590-1597.##Boqué, N., et al., Screening of polyphenolic plant extracts for anti‐obesity properties in Wistar rats. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2013. 93(5): p. 1226-1232.##Camacho, S., et al., Anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects of cinnamaldehyde via altered ghrelin secretion and functional impact on food intake and gastric emptying. Scientific reports, 2015. 5: p. 7919.##Iwasaki, Y., et al., TRPA1 agonists—allyl isothiocyanate and cinnamaldehyde—induce adrenaline secretion. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 2008. 72(10): p. 2608-2614.##Qin, B., K.S. Panickar, and R.A. Anderson, Cinnamon: potential role in the prevention of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2010. 4(3): p. 685-693.##