تاثیر یک دوره تمرینات پلایومتریک و تناوبی سرعتی بر برخی عوامل آمادگی جسمانی و عملکرد فوتبالیست‌های نوجوان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: روش­های تمرینی مختلف می­تواند تاثیرات متفاوتی بر عملکرد جسمانی ورزشکاران داشته باشد. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر یک دوره تمرینات پلایومتریک و تناوبی سرعتی بر برخی عوامل آمادگی جسمانی و عملکرد فوتبالیست­های نوجوان بود.
مواد و روش­ها: 31 فوتبالیست نوجوان انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تمرینات پلایومتریک، تناوبی سرعتی و کنترل ‌تقسیم شدند. گروه­های آزمایش در یک دوره تمرین 6 هفته­ای شرکت کردند. داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون شاپیرو – ویلک، تحلیل واریانس یک­طرفه و آزمون تعقیبی LSD در سطح معنی­داری P≤0.05 تحلیل شدند.
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که تمرینات پلایومتریک و تناوبی سرعتی باعث بهبود معنی­دار سرعت عمومی (30 و 40 متر)، توان بی هوازی (بی­اسید لاکتیک، با اسیدلاکتیک)، قدرت پا، توان پا و عملکرد سرعتی فوتبالیست­های نوجوان شد. همچنین تمرینات پلایومتریک باعث بهبود معنی­دار سرعت عمومی 15 متر و تمرینات تناوبی سرعتی باعث افزایش معنی­دار Vo2max شد. عملکرد هوازی فوتبالیست­ها با هر سه نوع تمرینات پلایومتریک، تناوبی سرعتی و معمول فوتبال افزایش معنی­داری یافت.
نتیجه گیری:می­توان گفت هر دو نوع تمرینات پلایومتریک و تناوبی سرعتی عوامل آمادگی جسمانی و عملکرد فوتبالیست­های نوجوان را افزایش می­دهد.هر چند با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه، تمرینات تناوبی سرعتی بهبود بیشتر این شاخص­ها را باعث می­شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of plyometric and sprint interval training programs on performance and some factors of physical fitness of teenager soccer players

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ramezan Amin Ahmadi
  • Amir Hosein Haghighi
  • Mohammad Reza Hamedinia
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background & purpose: Different training methods can affect the athletes’ physical performance in different ways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of plyometric and sprint interval trainings on performance and some factors of physical fitness of teenager soccer players.
Methodology: Thirty-three teenager soccer players (average age of 13.3 ± 0.6 year, weight 34.8 ± 5.5 kg, height 148.5 ± 6.1 cm) participated and were randomly divided into three group of plyometric training, sprint interval training and control training. The experimental groups underwent 6 weeks training protocols. Shapiro – Wilk test was used to determine the normalization of the data. To evaluate between group differences  one way  ANOVA was applied while pair group differences were tested using LSD post-hoc test, at significance level of  P≤0.05.
Results: Results showed plyometric and sprint interval training caused significant improvement in general speed (30 and 40 m), anaerobic power (with and without lactic acid), feet strength and power, and speed performance of teenager soccer players (PConclusion: Both plyometric and sprint interval trainings improve the factors of physical fitness and performance of teenager soccer players.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plyometric training
  • Sprint interval training
  • physical fitness
  • Soccer
  • Teenager player
##Bompa TO. 2003. Periodization training for sports. Translated by: Rajabi H, Agha- Alinejad H, Siahkohian M., 1st ed. Tehran: Far Daneshpajohan Publication. pp: 200-201. [Persian].##Little T, Williams AG. 2005. Specificity of acceleration, maximum speed and agility in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 19(1): 76-78.##Stølen T, Chamari K, Castagna C, Wisløff U. 2005. Physiology of soccer, an update. Sports medicine. 35(6): 501-536.##Jovanovic M, Sporis G, Omrcen D, Fiorentini F. 2011. Effects of speed, agility, quickness training method on power performance in elite soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25(5): 1285-1292.##Rimmer E, Sleivert G. 2000. Effects of a plyometrics intervention program on sprint performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 14(3): 295-301.##Chelly MS, Ghenem MA, Abid K, Hermassi S, Tabka Z, Shephard RJ. 2010. Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump-and sprint performance of soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24(10): 2670-2676.##Kotzamanidis C. 2006. Effect of plyometric training on running performanceand vertical jumping in prepubertal boys. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 20(2): 441-445.##Herrero JA, Izquierdo M. 2006. Electromyostimulation and plyometric training effects on Jumping and sprint time. International Journal of Sports medicine. 27(7): 533-539.##Ross A, Leveritt M, Riek S. 2001. Neural influences on sprint running: training adaptations and acute responses. Sports medicine. 31(6): 409-425.##Aguiar M, Abrantes C, Macas V, Leite N, Sampaio J, Ibanez S. 2008. Effects of intermittent or continuous training on speed, jump and repeated-sprint ability in semi-professional soccer players. The Open Sports Sciences Journal. 5(1): 15-19. ##Garedaghi N, Kordi M, Gaeeini AA. 2012. The effects of 4 weeks of intensive aerobic interval training on Vo2max, Tmax,vVO2Max in football clup players of Iran. Semi-annual Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport. 17: 47-57. [Persian].##Gharakhanlou R, Kordi MR, Gaeeini AA, Alizadeh MH, Vaezmousavi MK. 2012. Tests for assessing physical fitness, skill and psychological of elite athletes from different sports disciplines. 1st ed. Tehran: Asre Entezar Puplication. pp. 72. [Persian].##Miller MG, Herniman JJ, Ricard MD, Cheatham CC, Michael TJ. 2006. The effects of a 6-week training program on agility. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 5(3): 459-465.##Cesar M, Davide M. 2009. Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.  23(9): 2605-2613. ##MacDonald CJ, Lamont HS, Garner JC. 2012. A comparison of the effects of 6 weeks of traditional resistance training, plyometric training, and complex training on measures of strength and anthropometrics. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 26(2): 422-431.##Thomas K, French D, Hayes PR. 2009. The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 23(1): 332-335.##Impellizzeri FM, Marcora SM, Castagna C, Reilly T, Sassi A, Iaia FM, Rampinini E. 2006. Physiological  and  performance  effects  of  generic  versus  specific  aerobic training in soccer players. International Journal of Sports medicine. 27(6): 483-492.##Ali Zadeh R, Safania AM. 2010. The comparison of two training mothods on selected physical fitness factors in Amateur soccer players. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 6(9): 1-16. [Persian].##Bompa TO. 2011. Periodization: Theory and Methodology of training. Translated by: Hamedinia MR, Haghighi AH, Safarzadeh AR., 1st ed. Tehran: Hatmi Publication. pp: 77-197. [Persian].##Ali Zadeh R, Noor Shahi M. 2009. The effect of three different training programs on selected physical fitness factors in Amateur soccer players. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 5(9): 19-30. [Persian].##Sokmen B, Beam W, witchey R, Adams G. 2002. Effect of interval versus continuos training on aerobic and anaerobic variables. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 34(5): 509. ##Emami A, Kordi M, Najafipoor F. 2011. Evaluation of body composition, physiological indices and Motor-physical fitness of Emam Ali University cadets. Annals of military and health sciences research. 9(1): 13-19. [Persian].##Miri H, Haidari Moghadam R, Ebrahim KH, Ahanjan SH, Mahdilo M, Ghasemalipour H. 2013. Comparison of the selected physiological and functional variables of the National team players of the grassy and beach soccer. Journals of Ilam university of medical sciences. 21(1): 156-164. [Persian].##Bishop D, Spencer M. 2004. Determinants of repeatedـ sprint ability in wellـ trained team sport athletes and enduranceـ trained. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 44(1): 1-7.##Mac Dougall JD, Hicks AL, Mac Donald JR, McKelvie RS, Green HJ, Smith KM. 1998. Muscle performance and enzymatic adaptations to sprint intervaltraining. Journal of Applied Physiology. 84(6):2138 -2142.##Burgomaster KA, Howarth KR, Phillips SM, Rakobowchuk M, MacDonald MJ, McGee SL, Gibala MJ. 2008. Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans. Journal of Physiology. 586(1): 151–160. ##Bickham DC, Le Rossignol Pf. 2004. Effects of high – intensity interval training on the accumulated oxygen deficit of endurance – trained runners. Journal of Exercise Physiology. 7(1): 40-47.##Vali Pour V, Ghara khanlou R, Rahbarizade F, Mola J. 2010. Neuromuscular and functional adaptations to selected plyometric raining vs. combined resistance and plyometric training. Sport Biosciences. 2(7): 91-113. [Persian].##Noorshahi M, Hovanloo F, Baigzadeh M, Zar AS. 2010. The comparison of the effect a resistance and sprint training on flexibility, strength and anaerobic power of hamstring muscle. Sport and Biomotor Sciences. 2(3): 10-20. [Persian].##Ferrete C, Requena B, Suarez-Arrones L, Villarreal ES. 2014. Effect of strength and high-intensity training on jumping, sprinting and intermittent endurance performance in prepubertal soccer player. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28(2): 413-422.##Buchheit M, Ufland P. 2011. Effect of endurance training on performance and muscle reoxygenation rate during repeated-sprint running. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 111(2): 293–301. ##Bosco C, Komi P V, Pulli  M, Pittera C, Montonev H. 1982. Considerations  of  the  training  of  elastic  potential  of  human  skeletal  muscle. Volleyball Technical Journal. 5(1): 75-80.##SankeySP,  Jones PA, Bompouras T. 2008. Effects of two plyometric training programmes of different intensity on vertical jump performance in high school athletes. SerbianJournal of SportsSciences. 2(4): 123-130.##Gibala MJ, McGee SL. 2008. Metabolic adaptations to short-term high intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain?. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 36(2): 58-63.##Abrantes C, Maçãs V, Sampaio J. 2004. Variation in Football players’ sprint test  performance across different ages and levels of competition. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. l3(1): 44-49.##