مقایسه تاثیر تمرینات سرعتی و قدرتی در حفظ شاخص‌های هماتولوژیکی و اکسیژن مصرفی بیشینه در ورزشکاران مرد 13 تا 15 سال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکترای فیزیولوژی ورزشی، پژوهشکده طب ورزشی، پژوهشگاه تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: مطالعات بیانگر این واقعیت است که تمرینات مختلف ورزشی می­تواند سطوح اکسیژن مصرفی را در ورزشکاران حفظ کند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثرات دو نوع برنامه‌ی ورزشی منتخب روی پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی و ظرفیت هوازی ورزشکاران نوجوان بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: 45 نوجوان ورزشکار سالم (سن 50/0±15/14سال، قد 23/8±19/161سانتیمتر، وزن 08/6±68/52 کیلوگرم، نمایه‌ی توده‌ی بدنی 98/2±37/18) که همگی آنان به انجام تمرینات استقامتی پرداخته بودند، به سه گروه قدرتی (15n=)، گروه سرعتی (15n=)، و گروه کنترل (15n=) تقسیم شدند. سپس برای بررسی اثر احتمالی پروتکل های تمرینی (انجام 8 هفته تمرینات قدرتی و سرعتی) بر متغیر­های مورد نظر (اکسیژن مصرفی بیشینه، هموگلوبین، گلبول‌های قرمز، هماتوکریت)، آزمون‌های میدانی و نمونه‌های خونی در دو مرحله‌ی پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون از هر گروه گرفته شد. داده‌ها توسط آزمون t همبسته برای مقایسه تفاوت‌های بین گروهی و تحلیل واریانس یک‌سویه (ANOVA) برای مقایسه تفاوت‌های بین‌گروهی مورد تجزیه ‌و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد هر دو نوع تمرین سرعتی و قدرتی، موفق به حفظ دستاوردهای شاخص های ظرفیت هوازی شدند. هیچ تفاوت معنی‌داری بین گروه‌های سرعتی و قدرتی در هیچ ‌یک از متغیرهای مورد اندازه‌گیری مشاهده نگردید. اما ظرفیت هوازی در گروه کنترل به طور قابل‌توجهی در مقایسه با گروه سرعتی (01/0P=) و قدرتی (001/0P=) کاهش یافته‌ بود. در مقایسه‌ی بین گروه­ سرعتی و قدرتی در هیچ یک از متغیر های مورد نظر، نیز اختلاف معناداری مشاهده نشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان می دهد برای حفظ دستاوردهای استقامت، می توان از تمرینات قدرتی یا سرعتی به جای تمرینات زمان­بر و خسته کننده استقامتی استفاده کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Speed and Strength Training to Maintain Hematological Factors and Vo2max of Male Athletes 13 to 15 Years

نویسندگان [English]

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چکیده [English]

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of two selected Training on blood hematological parameters and aerobic capacity in adolescent athletes. Methods: in this study 45 young healthy athletes doing endurance exercises were assigned into three groups (group strength n=15, group velocity n=15 and control group n=15). Filed and laboratory test and blood samples were taken from each group at the beginning and end of training programs (eight-week resistance and sprint exercise training). The data analyzed by paired T test for within Groups and ANOVA for Between Groups. Results: The results showed that both sprint and strength training was able to maintain the achievements of endurance training. In addition, there were no significant differences in variables between group velocity and group strength. However, VO2max in control group significantly reduced in compared with group velocity (P=0.01) and group strength (P=0.001), and comparison between experimental groups, results showed that there were not found any significant differences between experimental groups. In addition, there were not significant changes between groups and within groups on indicators of Hematology. Conclusion: In conclusion of this study can be noted that after endurance training and achieve the desired level of cardiovascular fitness, instead of time consuming and boring endurance training, particular form of sprint and strength training can be used to maintain the achievements of endurance exercise.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • physical fitness
  • Detraining
  • HGB
  • HCT
  • RBC
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