Effect of Aerobic Interval Training and Consumption of Chicory Extract on Levels of Liver Enzymes in Obese Boys with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Physical Education Department, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran

2 Exerciae Physiology Department, Faculty of Sport Science, GuilanUniversity, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Background&Purpose: Exercise and Nutrition can control fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic interval training and consumption of chicory extract on levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes in obese boys with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Methodology: 36 male students aged 13-15 years were randomly divided into three groups of 12 cases: training + supplement, training + placebo, supplement. Blood samples were taken as pretest and post-test in all three groups. Training groups performed aerobics training program comprised of Interval Training, 4 sessions per week for 8 weeks. During the experimental period, participants received either 200 mL daily chicory extractive for 8 weeks or placebo.
Results The results of one-way ANOVA showed that serum levels of ALT and AST decreased significantly in all three groups (P<0.0001), and this decrease was higher in training + supplement group than other groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the research showed that simultaneous consumption of chicory with aerobic interval training can lead to a decrease ALT and AST enzymes,thus aerobic interval training and consumption of chicory extract propose for treatment of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver

Keywords


##Adams LA, Angulo P, Lindor KD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2005;172(7):899-905.##Tazhibi M, Kelishadi R, KhaliliTahmasebi H, Adibi A, Beihaghi A, Salehi H, et al. Association of lifestyle with metabolic syndrome and non-Alcoholic fatty liver in children and adolescence. Bimonthly Journal of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. 2010;14(2):115-23. (In Persian).##Shiasi Arani K, Haghshenas M, Talari H, Akbari H, Hami K, Taghavi Ardekani A, et al. Prevalence of Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children and Adolescents Who Referred to Pediatric Clinic of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran (2012-2013). Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences. 2013;15(5):77-83. (In Persian).##Vajro P, Lenta S, Socha P, Dhawan A, McKiernan P, Baumann U, et al. Diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: position paper of the ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2012;54(5):700-13.##Roberts EA. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. Front Biosci. 2005;10:2306-18.##Papandreou D, Karabouta Z, Pantoleon A, Rousso I. Investigation of anthropometric, biochemical and dietary parameters of obese children with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Appetite. 2012;59(3):939-44.##Sartorio A, Del Col A, Agosti F, Mazzilli G, Bellentani S, Tiribelli C, et al. Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2007;61(7):877.##Adibi A, Kelishadi R, Beihaghi A, Salehi H, Talaei M. Sonographic fatty liver in overweight and obese children, a cross sectional study in Isfahan. Endokrynologia Polska. 2009;60(1):14-9. (In Persian).##Manco M. Metabolic syndrome in childhood from impaired carbohydrate metabolism to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2011;30(5):295-303.##hosseini kakhk a, khalegh zadeh H, nematy m, hamedi nia m. The effect of combined aerobic- resistance training on lipid profile and liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver under nutrition diet. Sport Physiology. 2015;7(27):65-84. (In Persian).##Hasani A, Ansari R, Mazani A. Effect of 8 weeks of Aerobic Training and using Chicory extractive supplementation on Serum levels of ALT and AST Enzymes in women with Fatty Liver. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2016;19(10):1-8. (In Persian).##Loria P, Adinolfi LE, Bellentani S, Bugianesi E, Grieco A, Fargion S, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A decalogue from the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) Expert Committee. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2010;42(4):272-82.##de Piano A, Prado WL, Caranti DA, Siqueira KO, Stella SG, Lofrano M, et al. Metabolic and nutritional profile of obese adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2007;44(4):446-52.##Barani F, Afzalpour ME, Ilbiegi S, Kazemi T, Mohammadi Fard M. The effect of resistance and combined exercise on serum levels of liver enzymes and fitness indicators in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2014;21(2):188-202. (In Persian).##Orci LA, Gariani K, Oldani G, Delaune V, Morel P, Toso C. Exercise-based interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2016;14(10):1398-411.##Moradi H, Razavianzadeh N, Younesian A, Zahedi E. Effective Aerobic Training and Use of Vitamin E on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver in The Male Secondary School Students of Shahrood City. Sport Physiology. 2017;9(34):115-28. (In Persian).##Barzegarzadeh-Zarandi H, Dabidy-Roshan V. Changes in some liver enzymes and blood lipid level following interval and continuous regular aerobic training in old rats. Journal of Shahrekord Uuniversity of Medical Sciences. 2012;14(5):13-23. (In Persian).##Devries MC, Samjoo IA, Hamadeh MJ, Tarnopolsky MA. Effect of endurance exercise on hepatic lipid content, enzymes, and adiposity in men and women. Obesity. 2008;16(10):2281-8.##  Heimler D, Isolani L, Vignolini P, Romani A. Polyphenol content and antiradical activity of Cichorium intybus L. from biodynamic and conventional farming. Food Chemistry. 2009;114(3):765-70.##Lavelli V. Antioxidant activity of minimally processed red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) evaluated in xanthine oxidase-, myeloperoxidase-, and diaphorase-catalyzed reactions. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2008;56(16):7194-200.##Zafar R, Ali SM. Anti-hepatotoxic effects of root and root callus extracts of Cichorium intybus L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1998;63(3):227-31.##Upur H, Amat N, Blažeković B, Talip A. Protective effect of Cichorium glandulosum root extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced and galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2009;47(8):2022-30.##Asl ZS, Malekirad AA, Abdollahi M, Bakhshipour A, Dastjerdi HA, Mostafalou S, et al. Effects of the Mixture of Cichorium intybus L. and Cinnamomum zeylanicum on hepatic enzymes activity and biochemical parameters in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Health. 2014;6(11):1212.##Keating SE, Hackett DA, George J, Johnson NA. Exercise and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of hepatology. 2012;57(1):157-66.##Haji Nia M, Hamedinia M, Haghighi A. The relationship between aerobic power to physical activity levels and anthropometric factors among 12-16 years old boys. Sport Physiology. 2014;6(23):55-68. (In Persian).##Golabi P, Locklear CT, Austin P, Afdhal S, Byrns M, Gerber L, et al. Effectiveness of exercise in hepatic fat mobilization in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review. World journal of gastroenterology. 2016;22(27):6318.##Davoodi m, Moosavi h, Nikbakht m. The effect of eight weeks selected aerobic exercise on liver parenchyma and liver enzymes (AST, ALT) of fat liver patients. Journal of Shahrekord Uuniversity of Medical Sciences. 2012;14(1):84-90. (In Persian).##Eslami l, Rahmani nia F, Nakhostin Roohi B. The effect of 12 week vitamin E supplementation and regular physical activity on selected liver enzymes of non-alcoholic fatty liver patients. Sport Physiology. 2014;6(23):69-82. (In Persian).##Guo R, Liong EC, So KF, Fung M-L, Tipoe GL. Beneficial mechanisms of aerobic exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International. 2015;14(2):139-44.##Oh S, So R, Shida T, Matsuo T, Kim B, Akiyama K, et al. High-intensity aerobic exercise improves both hepatic fat content and stiffness in sedentary obese men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Scientific reports. 2017;7:43029.##         Nabizadeh Haghighi A, Shabani R. Comparison of drug therapy with exersice program on body composition and cardio-pulmonary fitness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing. 2015;1(4):70-82. (In Persian).##Scaglioni F, Marino M, Ciccia S, Procaccini A, Busacchi M, Loria P, et al. Short-term multidisciplinary non-pharmacological intervention is effective in reducing liver fat content assessed non-invasively in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology. 2013;37(4):353-8.##Nikroo H, Attarzadeh Hosseini  SR, Sima H, Nematy M. The effect of diet and aerobic training on serum aminotransferases levels in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Journal of Shahed University Profdoc, Scientific-Research. 2011;18(93):51-61. (In Persian).##Fabbrini E, Sullivan S, Klein S. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: biochemical, metabolic, and clinical implications. Hepatology. 2010;51(2):679-89.##Heibatollah S, Reza NM, Izadpanah G, Sohailla S. Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. African journal of Biochemistry research. 2008;2(6):141-4.##Slentz CA, Bateman LA, Willis LH, Shields AT, Tanner CJ, Piner LW, et al. Effects of aerobic vs. resistance training on visceral and liver fat stores, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance by HOMA in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011;301(5):E1033.##Zar A, Hosseini SA, Homaion A. Effect of Eight-Week uagymnastic Training on Liver Enzymes and Lipid Profile of Middle-Aged Women. ajallah-i Dānishgāh-i ̒Ulūm-i Pizishkī-i Qum. 2016;10(7):29-37. (In Persian).##Hassan HA, Yousef MI. Ameliorating effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-supplemented diet against nitrosamine precursors-induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010;48(8-9):2163-9.##Pool-Zobel B, Van Loo J, Rowland I, Roberfroid M. Experimental evidences on the potential of prebiotic fructans to reduce the risk of colon cancer. British Journal of Nutrition. 2002;87(S2):S273-S81.##