The Effect Of Eight Weeks Of TRX Instability Resistance Training With Handball Training On Plasma Levels Of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 in Adolescent Girl's Handball Players.

Authors

Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Unstable strength training programs are appropriate to improve strength, power and jumping ability. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of eight weeks of TRX instability resistance training with handball training on the levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 in adolescent girl's handball players.
Methods: 19 handball players with the age range of 17-14 years old randomly assigned to two experimental (n = 9) and control (n = 10) groups. The TRX along with handball training group (n=9) and second experimental group (n=10) that only participated in handball training. TRX training protocol performed in two four-week separated macrocycles, three sessions per week (except handball training days). Macrocycle I include 9 and macrocycle II 11 drills that performed as 15 minutes of main exercise per session for each subject for in 8 weeks. The intensity of training was monitored by increasing the number of repletion, changing the subject slope from the ground and height of the band.
Results: The results showed that IGF-I neither in TRX training group nor in between group's comparison have significant change. The IGFBP-3 levels showed significant decrease in both groups (TRX training group, P=0.0120, handball training groups, P=0.001). However, between groups comparison showed no significant difference in IGFBP-3.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study eight weeks of TRX resistance training with handball training causes increasing IGFBP-3 proteolysis the bioavailability of IGF-I that can be influence on anabolic effects of the training method.

Highlights

.

Keywords


##Carvalho A, Mourão P, Abade E. 2014. Effects of Strength Training Combined with Specific Plyometric exercises on body composition, vertical jump height and lower limb strength development in elite male handball players, Journal of Human Kinetics;28(41):125-132## Buchheit M, Laursen P B.2009. Game-based Training in Young Elite Handball Players. Handball Specific Aerobic Training. Int J Sports Med; 30(4):251– 258## Dudgeon W, Judith M, Herron, Johannas A. 2015. Physiologic and Metabolic Effects of a Suspension Training Workout. International Journal of Sports Science; 5(2):65-72##Behm D.G, Colado J.C. 2012. The effectiveness of resistance training using unstable surfaces an devices for rehabilitation. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy;7(2):226-2415.##Stray Pedersen J.I, Magnussen R, Kuffel E, Seiler S.2006.Sling Exercise Training improves balance, kicking velocity and torso stabilization strength in elite soccer players. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise; 38(5):243##Arefinia S.1394. Full Body Suspension Workout Sling Training. (1) Tehran, elm.va.harekat.12##Behm D.G, Drinkwater E.J, Willardson J.M, Cowley P.M. 2011.The role of instability rehabilitative resistance training for the core musculature. Strength and Conditioning Journal; 33(3): 72##TRX® Suspension Training® Bodyweight Exercise Scientific Foundations and Practical Applications.##Joaquin Calatayud , Sebastien Borreani , Juan C. 2014. Muscle Activation during Push-Ups with Different Suspension Training Systems. ©Journal of Sports Science and Medicine;13: 502-510##Mendez-Villanueva A, Buchheit M, Kuitunen S, Douglas A. 2011.Age-related differences in acceleration, maximum running speed, and repeated-sprint performance in young soccer players . J Sports Sci; 29(5):477 – 484##Stewart CEH, Rotwein P. 1996. Growth, differentiation, and survival: multiple physiological functions for insulin-like growth factors. Physiol Rev;76:1005–26##Chevenne D.1991. Les somatidines. Ann Biol Clin (Paris);49: 69–91## Baxter RC.1994. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the human circulation: a review. Horm Res;42:140–4. ## Dall R, Lange KHW, Kjær M, et al.2001. No evidence of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 proteolysis during a maximal exercise test in elite athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab;86: 669–74. ## Rosenfeld RG, Pham H, Cohen P.1994. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and their regulation. Acta Paediatr;83(suppl 399):61–7.##Cohen K, Nissley SP.1976. The serum half-life of somatomedin activity: evidence for growth hormone-dependence. Acta Endocrinol;83:243–58.## Koistinen H, Koistinen R, Selenius L, et al.1996. Effect of marathon run on serum IGF-I and IGF-binding protein 1 and 3 levels. J Appl Physiol;80(3):760–4##Dudgeon WD, Aartun JD, Thomas D, Herrin J, Scheett TP. 2011. Effects of Suspension Training on the Growth Hormone Axis, Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research , 25##Bouix O, Brun JF, Fe´dou C, et al. 1997. Exploration de Function adolescents de classe sportive: Funct suivi me´dical pour la croissance et la puberte Sci Sport;12:51–65.##Filaire E, Jouanel P, Colombier M, et al.2003. Effects of 16 weeks of training prior to a major competition on hormonal and biochemical parameters in young elite gymnasts. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab;16(5):741–50.##Kelley PJ, Eisman JA, Stuart MC, et al. 1990. Somatomedin-c, physical fitness, and bone density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab;70:718–23. ##Koziris LP, Hickson RC, Groseth RT, et al.1999. Serum levels of total and free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased and maintained in long-term training. J Appl Physiol;86:1436–42. ##Poehlman ET, Copeland KC.1990. Influence of physical activity on insulin-like growth factor-I in healthy younger and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab;71:1468–73.##Peyreigne C, Brun JF, Monnier JF, et al.1997. Growth hormone somatomedins and muscular activity. Sci Sport;12:4–18.##Rosendal L, Lanberg H, Flyvbjerg A, et al. 2002. Physical capacity influences the response of insulin-like growth factor and its binding proteins to training. J Appl Physiol;93(5):1669–75.##Aissa Benhaddad A, Bouix D, Khaled S, et al. 1999. Early hemorheologic aspects of overtraining in elite athletes. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc;20:117–25.## Bang P, Brandt J, Degerblad M, Enberg G, Kaijser L, Thoren M, Hall K. 1990. Exercise-induced changes in insulin-like growth factors and their low molecular weight binding protein in healthy subjects and patientswith growth hormone deficiency. Eur J Clin Invest; 20: 285–292##Cappon J, Brasel JA, Mohan S, Cooper DM. 1994. Effect of brief exercise on circulating insulin-like growth factor I. J Appl Physiol;76: 2490–2496##Hornum M, Cooper DM, Brasel JA, Bueno A, Sietsema KE. 1997. Exercise-induced changes in circulating growth factors with cyclic variation inplasma estradiol in women. J Appl Physiol; 82: 1946–1951##Nguyen UN, Mougin F, Simon-Rigaud ML, Rouillon JD, et al. 1998. Influence of exercise duration on serum insulin-like growthfactor and its binding proteins in athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol;78: 533–537##Schwarz AJ, Brasel JA, Hintz RL, Mohan S, Cooper DM. 1996. Acute effect of brief low- and high-intensity exercise on circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, II, and IGF-binding protein-3 and its proteolysis in young healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab; 81: 3492–3497## Heyward VH, Gibson AN. 2014. Advanced fitness assessment and exercise prescription. Seventh edition. Human Kinetics Publications ##Snarr, RL. Esco, MR. and Nickerson, BS.2014. Metabolic and Cardiovascular demands OF a High-Intensity Interval Exercise Bout Utilizing a Suspension Device. J Sport Human Perf; 2(3):1-8.##José Luis Maté-Muñoz , Antonio J. Monroy Antón , Pablo Jodra Jiménez and Manuel V. 2014. Garnacho-Castaño. Effects of Instability versus Traditional Resistance Training on Strength, Power and Velocity in Untrained Men, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,13(3):460-468.##Carvalho, A. Mourão,P. Abad,E.2014.  Effects of Strength Training Combined with Specific Plyometric exercises on body composition, vertical jump height and lower limb strength development in elite male handball players:  a case study. Journal of Human Kinetics volume 41(3), 125-132.## Beni M. 2012. Determining the Effect of Concurrent Strength-endurance Training on Aerobic Power and Body Composition in Non-athletic Male Students. Ann Biol Res; 3: 395-401##Bambaeichi A, Esfarjani F.1391.The Effect of 8 Weeks of Water Training on Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Children. Journal of Sport Biosciences;14: 21-36(Persian)##Wahl P, Zinner, Achtzehn C, Bloch S, Mester J. 2011. Effect of high- and low- intensity exercise and metabolic acidosis on levels of GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and cortisol. Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne ; 20(5):380-5.##Nishida Y, Matsubara T, Tobina T, Shindo M, Tokuyama K, Tanaka K. 2010.Effect of Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in Healthy Men. International Journal of Endocrinology. ##Nindl BC, Headley SA, Tuckow AP, et al. 2004. IGF-I system responses during 12 weeks of resistance training in end-stage renal disease patients. Growth Horm IGF Res.; 14(3):p.245–250.##Ehrnborg, C. Lange, K,H,W. Dall R. Christiansen, JS. Lundberg, PA. Baxter, RC. Boroujerdi. 2003. The growth hormone  insulin-like growth factor-1 axis hormones and bone markers in elite athletes in response to a maximum exercise test. J clin Endo crinal Metab; 88(2): P.394- 401.##Gregory SMSpiering BAAlemany JATuckow APRarick KRStaab JSHatfield DLKraemer WJMaresh CM, Nindl BC. 2013. Exercise-induced insulin-like growth factor I system concentrations after training in women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45(3):420-428##Nindl BC, Philip J,  Joseph A, Alemany CK, William J, Kraemer Jan, Frystyk,  Andrew J. 2009. Young. Diet, body composition, and physical fitness influences on IGF-I bioactivity in women.official Journal of the Growth Hormone Research.; 19(6):491–496##Nemet PH, Connolly AM, Pontello-Pescatello et al. 2004. Negative energy balance plays a major role in the IGF-I response to exercise training, Journal of Applied Physiology, 96(1):276–282, ##Nindl BC,  Alemany JA,  Alexander P, Tuckow Kevin R, et all. 2010. Circulating bioactive and immunoreactive IGF-I remain stable in women, despite physical fitness improvements after 8 weeks of resistance, aerobic, and combined exercise training. ournal of Applied Physiology Published,; 109(1): 112-120##Borst SE, De Hoyos DV, Garzarella L, et al. 2001. Effects of resistance training on insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF binding proteins. Med Sei Sports Exerc; 33(4):648-53.##Kraemer WJ, Nindl BC, Marx JO, et al.2006. Chronic resistance training in women potentiates growth hormone in vivo bioactivity: characterization of molecular mass variants. Am J Physiol Endoerinol Metab.; 291(6): 177-87##Nindl BC, Kraemer WJ, Marx JO. et all. 2001. Overnight responses of the circulating IGF-1 system after acute, heavy-resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol,; 90(4): 1319-1326##Glass DJ. 2005. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy signaling pathways. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. 37(10):1974-84##Nemet, D. Eliakim, A.  Kaven, G. Berger, I. Friedland, O. 2004. The effect of a combined intervention on body mass index and fitness in obese children and adolescents – a clinical experience. European Journal of Pediatrics August, 161(8): 449-454##Sparkes R,  Behm DG. 2010. Training adaptations associated with an 8-week instability resistance training program with recreationally active individuals. J Strength Cond Res; 24(7): 1931–1941##Rajabi H, Soleymani Far E, Hasani Ranjbar Sh, Heshmat R. 1390. Monitoring of time course response in GH, Insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 after heavy resistance exercise in trained and non-trained men. Metabolism and Exercise;1(1):61-78(Persian)## Mejri S, Bchir F, Ben Rayana MC, Ben Hamida J,et all. 2005. Effect of training on GH and IGF-1 responses to a submaximal exercise in football players. Eur J Appl Physiol; 95(5-6):496-503.## Rosendal  L,  Langberg H, Flyvbjerg A, et all. 2002. Physical capacity influences the response of insulin–like growth factor and its binding proteins to training. J Appl Physiol,; 93(6):1669-1675.##