Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.
2
Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.
10.22080/jaep.2025.28237.2213
Abstract
Objectives: Wrestling requires a combination of physical fitness, technical skill, and tactical intelligence. Despite its long history and numerous studies, there are still shortcomings in providing a comprehensive overview of the biomechanical, physiological, technical, and tactical dimensions of this sport. Therefore, the present study aimed to systematically review scientific achievements in the field of factors affecting success in wrestling.
Methods: In order to collect reliable studies, a systematic search was conducted in PubMe, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Civilica, SID, and Magiran databases with keywords related to wrestling between 2000 and 2024. Quantitative and qualitative articles related to the biomechanics of techniques, physical fitness, physiological responses, injury prevention, and wrestling tactics were collected and analyzed with a thematic approach. The results were summarized in the form of tables and their key findings were presented analytically and coherently in the discussion.
Results: The review of 34 studies showed that stability and neuromuscular coordination are essential for the successful execution of techniques. The use of EMS (electrical muscle stimulation) improved the performance of throwing techniques; however, dehydration and fatigue weakened the performance of wrestlers by reducing speed and balance. Head trauma, peripheral nerve damage, and ACL injuries were common in this sport. Furthermore, the diversity of techniques in standing and ground positions (Parterre) and changes to wrestling rules in 2009 and 2013, including changes to the scoring system, the introduction of video review, increased round times, and scoring for aggressive moves, had a significant impact on the tactics and dynamics of competitions.
Conclusion: The findings emphasize that developing specialized exercises in the areas of joint stability and neuromuscular coordination, weight and fatigue management, as well as the use of methods such as EMS, can enhance performance and reduce the risk of injury. Furthermore, exercise planning that considers the variety of techniques in standing and ground positions, and takes into account rule changes, is essential for improving the performance of wrestlers.
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