Effects of open and closed-skill exercises on serum levels of Cathepsin B, Irisin, BDNF and Doublecortin in female wrestlers

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran

2 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia

10.22080/jaep.2021.20219.1995

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Open and closed-skill exercises have different effects on cognition and memory in humans. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a resistance training session and a wrestling training session on serum levels of Cathepsin B, Irisin, BDNF and Doublecortin in female wrestlers.
Methodology: In this quasi-experimental study, 11 female wrestlers (age: 21.18±2.89 years, weight: 62.18±8.41 kg, height: 167.00±3.97 cm) voluntarily participated. The wrestling training and resistance training sessions each lasted for 1 hour. There was a week between two training sessions. Blood samples were taken 5 min before and after both exercise sessions. ELISA kits were used to measure serum levels of Cathepsin B, Irisin, BDNF and Doublecortin. Data were analyzed using paired samples t-test and ANCOVA and level of significant was set at p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that serum concentrations of BDNF, DCX and Cathepsin B increased significantly after both training sessions (p<0.05). Also, the results of covariance test showed that serum levels of BDNF and DCX after wrestling training session increased significantly more than resistance training session (p<0.05) and serum Cathepsin B level significantly increased after resistance training session more than the wrestling training session (p<0.05). Also, after both training sessions, serum levels of Irisin did not change significantly.
Conclusion: It seems that open and closed-skill exercises have different effects on serum levels of factors related to cognitive function, learning and memory. Therefore, it is recommended to use open-skill exercise along with resistance training to improve these functions.

Keywords

References

##Mandolesi L, Polverino A, Montuori S, Foti F, Ferraioli G, Sorrentino P. Effects of physical exercise on cognitive functioning and wellbeing: biological and psychological benefits. Frontiers in psychology. 2018;9:509. ##Tari AR, Norevik CS, Scrimgeour NR, Kobro-Flatmoen A, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH, et al. Are the neuroprotective effects of exercise training systemically mediated?. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 2019;62(2):94-101. ##Pedersen BK. Physical activity and muscle–brain crosstalk. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2019;15(7):383. ##Walsh JJ, Tschakovsky ME. Exercise and circulating BDNF: mechanisms of release and implications for the design of exercise interventions. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2018;43(11):1095-104. ##Di Liegro CM, Schiera G, Proia P, Di Liegro I. Physical Activity and Brain Health. Genes. 2019;10(9):720. ##Pinho RA, Aguiar AS, Radák Z. Effects of Resistance Exercise on Cerebral Redox Regulation and Cognition: An Interplay Between Muscle and Brain. Antioxidants. 2019;8(11):529. ##Wrann CD, White JP, Salogiannnis J, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Wu J, Ma D, et al. Exercise induces hippocampal BDNF through a PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway. Cell metabolism. 2013;18(5):649-59. ##Schmidt RA, Wrisberg CA. Motor learning and performance: A situation-based learning approach. Human kinetics; 2008. ##Gu Q, Zou L, Loprinzi PD, Quan M, Huang T. Effects of open versus closed skill exercise on cognitive function: A systematic review. Frontiers in psychology. 2019;10:1707. ##Hung CL, Tseng JW, Chao HH, Hung TM, Wang HS. Effect of acute exercise mode on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and task switching performance. Journal of clinical medicine. 2018;7(10):301. ##Rozanska O, Uruska A, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz D. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Diabetes. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(3):841. ##Liu PZ, Nusslock R. Exercise-mediated neurogenesis in the hippocampus via BDNF. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2018;12:52. ##Nilsson J, Ekblom Ö, Ekblom M, Lebedev A, Tarassova O, Moberg M, et al. Acute increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in plasma following physical exercise relates to subsequent learning in older adults. Scientific reports. 2020;10(1):1-5. ##Dhaliwal J, Xi Y, Bruel-Jungerman E, Germain J, Francis F, Lagace DC. Doublecortin (DCX) is not essential for survival and differentiation of newborn neurons in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2016;9:494. ##Barnes JN, Corkery AT. Exercise improves vascular function, but does this translate to the brain?. Brain Plasticity. 2018;4(1):65-79. ##Wang CH. The cognitive gains of exercise. Nature Human Behaviour. 2020:1-2. ##Tsai CL, Pan CY, Chen FC, Tseng YT. Open-and closed-skill exercise interventions produce different neurocognitive effects on executive functions in the elderly: a 6-month randomized, controlled trial. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2017;9:294. ##Moon HY, Becke A, Berron D, Becker B, Sah N, Benoni G, et al. Running-induced systemic cathepsin B secretion is associated with memory function. Cell metabolism. 2016;24(2):332-40. ##Darvishi M, Valipour Dehnou V, Eslami R. Effects of aerobic exercise in manipulated environment on serum levels of BDNF, Irisin and Cathepsin B in healthy active men. yafte. 2020;22(2):100-110. [Persian]. ##Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA. Muscles, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2012;8(8):457-65. ##Benatti FB, Pedersen BK. Exercise as an anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatic diseases—myokine regulation. Nature reviews rheumatology. 2015;11(2):86-97. ##De la Rosa A, Solana E, Corpas R, Bartrés-Faz D, Pallàs M, Vina J, et al. Long-term exercise training improves memory in middle-aged men and modulates peripheral levels of BDNF and Cathepsin B. Scientific reports. 2019;9(1):1-1. ##Pena GS, Paez HG, Johnson TK, Halle JL, Carzoli JP, Visavadiya NP, et al. Hippocampal growth factor and myokine cathepsin B expression following aerobic and resistance training in 3xTg-AD mice. International Journal of Chronic Diseases. 2020;2020. ##Eaton M, Granata C, Barry J, Safdar A, Bishop D, Little JP. Impact of a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise and short-term interval training on interleukin-6, FNDC5, and METRNL mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. Journal of sport and health science. 2018;7(2):191-6. ##

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 November 2020
  • Revise Date: 19 March 2021
  • Accept Date: 18 June 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics