Effect of four weeks of endurance exercise training on TNF-α and IL-10 genes expression following experimental MI in male rats

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Exercise Physiology Department, Sport Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract

Background & Purpose: Although the inflammatory process activation is necessary in the first period after myocardial infarction (MI), but it's over continuing can facilitate the recurrence of MI. Due to the positive effects of aerobic exercise training programs on inflammation, it seems that endurance exercise training (EET) have a positive effect on inflammatory condition in patients with MI. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance exercise training on TNF-α and IL-10 genes expression following experimental MI in male rats. 
Methods: 18 rats were randomly divided to 3 groups: Sham, control and EET. MI was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (150 mg/kg) in two consecutive days. EET intervention was initiated 2 days after MI and continued for 4 weeks. After extracting RNA from cardiac tissue and synthesizing cDNA, expression levels of TNF-α and IL-10 genes were relatively quantified using Real time-PCR. Data were analyzed by using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) at PResults: The TNF-α gene expression in the EET group were significantly lower than the control (P=0.002) and sham (P=0.001) groups. The IL-10 gene expression in the EET group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.023), and the expression of this gene in the control group was significantly higher than the sham group (P=0.011).
Conclusion: It seems that EET may accelerate the process of improving the inflammatory status, through modulating the expression of TNF-α and IL-10 genes, after MI.
 

Keywords


##Liu J, Wang H, Li J. 2016. Inflammation and Inflammatory Cells in Myocardial Infarction and Reperfusion Injury: A Double-Edged Sword. Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology. 10:79-84.##Prabhu SD, Frangogiannis NG. 2016. The Biological Basis for Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction: From Inflammation to Fibrosis. Circulation research. 119(1):91-112.##Zhang DF, Song XT, Chen YD, Yuan F, Xu F, Zhang M, et al. 2016. Prognostic performance of interleukin-10 in patients with chest pain and mild to moderate coronary artery lesions-an 8-year follow-up study. Journal of geriatric cardiology. 13(3):244-51.##Krishnamurthy P, Rajasingh J, Lambers E, Qin G, Losordo DW, Kishore R. 2009. IL-10 inhibits inflammation and attenuates left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction via activation of STAT3 and suppression of HuR. Circulation research. 104(2):e9-18.##Joshi NV, Toor I, Shah AS, Carruthers K, Vesey AT, Alam SR, et al. 2015. Systemic Atherosclerotic Inflammation Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: Myocardial Infarction Begets Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American Heart Association. 4(9):e001956.##Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. 2004. Synergistic effects of vascular IL-17 and TNFalpha may promote coronary artery disease. Medical hypotheses. 63(4):696-8.##Stumpf C, Seybold K, Petzi S, Wasmeier G, Raaz D, Yilmaz A, et al. 2008. Interleukin-10 improves left ventricular function in rats with heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction. European journal of heart failure. 10(8):733-9.## Torre-Amione G. 2005. Immune activation in chronic heart failure. The American journal of cardiology. 95(11A):3C-8C; discussion 38C-40C.##           Lopes RD, Batista ML, Jr., Rosa JC, Lira FS, Martins E, Jr., Shimura AY, et al. 2010. Changes in the production of IL-10 and TNF-alpha in skeletal muscle of rats with heart failure secondary to acute myocardial infarction. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 94(3):293-300, 13-20.##Kesherwani V, Chavali V, Hackfort BT, Tyagi SC, Mishra PK. 2015. Exercise ameliorates high fat diet induced cardiac dysfunction by increasing interleukin 10. Frontiers in physiology. 6:124.##Frangogiannis NG, Mendoza LH, Lindsey ML, Ballantyne CM, Michael LH, Smith CW, et al. 2000. IL-10 is induced in the reperfused myocardium and may modulate the reaction to injury. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md : 1950). 165(5):2798-808.##Frangogiannis NG, Smith CW, Entman ML. 2002. The inflammatory response in myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular research. 53(1):31-47.##Rodrigues B, Lira FS, Consolim-Colombo FM, Rocha JA, Caperuto EC, De Angelis K, et al. 2014. Role of exercise training on autonomic changes and inflammatory profile induced by myocardial infarction. Mediators of inflammation. 2014:702473.##Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. 2015. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 19 ed. USA: McGraw-Hill Education / Medical: 1606.##Goldhammer E, Tanchilevitch A, Maor I, Beniamini Y, Rosenschein U, Sagiv M. 2005. Exercise training modulates cytokines activity in coronary heart disease patients. International journal of cardiology. 100(1):93-9.##Ding YH, Young CN, Luan X, Li J, Rafols JA, Clark JC, et al. 2005. Exercise preconditioning ameliorates inflammatory injury in ischemic rats during reperfusion. Acta neuropathologica. 109(3):237-46.##Balady GJ, Williams MA, Ades PA, Bittner V, Comoss P, Foody JM, et al. 2007. Core components of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Circulation. 115(20):2675-82.##Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Stensel DJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS, Nimmo MA. 2011. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nature reviews Immunology. 11(9):607-15.##Pedersen BK. 2006. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise: its role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease control. Essays in biochemistry. 42:105-17.##Ribeiro F, Alves AJ, Teixeira M, Miranda F, Azevedo C, Duarte JA, et al. 2012. Exercise training increases interleukin-10 after an acute myocardial infarction: a randomised clinical trial. International journal of sports medicine. 33(3):192-8.##Batista ML, Jr., Lopes RD, Seelaender MC, Lopes AC. 2009. Anti-inflammatory effect of physical training in heart failure: role of TNF-alpha and IL-10. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 93(6):643-51, 92-700.##Niebauer J, Clark AL, Webb-Peploe KM, Coats AJ. 2005. Exercise training in chronic heart failure: effects on pro-inflammatory markers. European journal of heart failure. 7(2):189-93.##Anker SD, von Haehling S. 2004. Inflammatory mediators in chronic heart failure: an overview. Heart. 90(4):464-70.##Keller C, Keller P, Giralt M, Hidalgo J, Pedersen BK. 2004. Exercise normalises overexpression of TNF-alpha in knockout mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 321(1):179-82.##Galvão TF, Matos KC, Brum PC, Negrão CE, Luz PLd, Chagas ACP. 2011. Cardioprotection conferred by exercise training is blunted by blockade of the opioid system. Clinics. 66(1):151-7.##Rodrigues LO, Oliveira A, Lima NR, Machado-Moreira CA. 2003. Heat storage rate and acute fatigue in rats. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas. 36(1):131-5.##Gholamnezhad Z, Boskabady MH, Hosseini M, Sankian M, Khajavi Rad A. 2014. Evaluation of immune response after moderate and overtraining exercise in wistar rat. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 17(1):1-8.##Xu X, Zhao W, Lao S, Wilson BS, Erikson JM, Zhang JQ. 2010. Effects of Exercise and L-arginine on Ventricular Remodeling and Oxidative Stress. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 42(2):346-54.##Moradi-Arzeloo M, Farshid AA, Tamaddonfard E, Asri-Rezaei S. 2016. Effects of histidine and vitamin C on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats. Veterinary Research Forum. 7(1):47-54.##Shukla SK, Sharma SB, Singh UR. 2015. beta-Adrenoreceptor Agonist Isoproterenol Alters Oxidative Status, Inflammatory Signaling, Injury Markers and Apoptotic Cell Death in Myocardium of Rats. Indian journal of clinical biochemistry. 30(1):27-34.##Zaafan MA, Zaki HF, El-Brairy AI, Kenawy SA. 2013. Protective effects of atorvastatin and quercetin on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University. 51(1):35-41.##Azamian Jazi A, Abdi H, Haffezi Ahmadi MR, Cheraghi J. 2017. Effect of endurance exercise training on morphological changes in rat heart tissue following experimental myocardial infarction. Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences. 4(1):8-16.##Wu G, Rana JS, Wykrzykowska J, Du Z, Ke Q, Kang P, et al. 2009. Exercise-induced expression of VEGF and salvation of myocardium in the early stage of myocardial infarction. American journal of physiology Heart and circulatory physiology. 296(2):H389-95.## de Waard MC, van der Velden J, Bito V, Ozdemir S, Biesmans L, Boontje NM, et al. 2007. Early exercise training normalizes myofilament function and attenuates left ventricular pump dysfunction in mice with a large myocardial infarction. Circulation research. 100(7):1079-88.##Xu X, Wan W, Ji L, Lao S, Powers AS, Zhao W, et al. 2008. Exercise training combined with angiotensin II receptor blockade limits post-infarct ventricular remodelling in rats. Cardiovascular research. 78(3):523-32.##     Ono K, Matsumori A, Shioi T, Furukawa Y, Sasayama S. 1998. Cytokine gene expression after myocardial infarction in rat hearts: possible implication in left ventricular remodeling. Circulation. 98(2):149-56.##Santana ET, Feliciano RdS, Serra AJ, Brigidio E, Antonio EL, Tucci PJF, et al. 2016. Comparative mRNA and MicroRNA Profiling during Acute Myocardial Infarction Induced by Coronary Occlusion and Ablation Radio-Frequency Currents. Frontiers in physiology. 7:565.##              Kaur K, Sharma AK, Singal PK. 2006. Significance of changes in TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels in the progression of heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction. American journal of physiology Heart and circulatory physiology. 291(1):H106-13.##Barry SP, Ounzain S, McCormick J, Scarabelli TM, Chen-Scarabelli C, Saravolatz L, II, et al. 2013. Enhanced IL-17 signalling following myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. International journal of cardiology. 163(3):326-34.##Passino C, Severino S, Poletti R, Piepoli MF, Mammini C, Clerico A, et al. 2006. Aerobic training decreases B-type natriuretic peptide expression and adrenergic activation in patients with heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 47(9):1835-9.##Hoesel B, Schmid JA. 2013. The complexity of NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. Molecular Cancer. 12(86):12-86.## Spangenburg EE, Brown DA, Johnson MS, Moore RL. 2006. Exercise increases SOCS-3 expression in rat skeletal muscle: potential relationship to IL-6 expression. The Journal of physiology. 572(Pt 3):839-48.##